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IC 9201 




BUREAU OF MINES 
INFORMATION CIRCULAR/1988 

3</> 




Characterization of the 1986 
Metallic Mining Workforce 

By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 



Information Circular 9201 



Characterization of the 1986 
Metallic Mining Workforce 

By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
Donald Paul Hodel, Secretary 

BUREAU OF MINES 
T S Ary, Director 



•Uh- 

no/ioo 



Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data: 



Butani, Shail J. 

Characterization of the 1986 metallic mining workforce. 

(Bureau of Mines information circular; 9201) 

Bibliography: p. 7. 

Supt. of Docs, no.: I 28.27:9201. 

1. Miners— United States. I. Bartholomew, Ann M. II. Title. III. Title: Metallic 
mining workforce. IV. Series: Information circular (United States. Bureau of 
Mines); 9201. 

TN295.U4 [HD8039.M62U617] 622 s [331.7'622'0973] 88-600278 



CONTENTS 



Page 

Abstract 1 

Introduction 2 

Acknowledgments 2 

Survey methodology 2 

Population 2 

Sample 3 

Data collection 3 

Data coding, entering, and editing 3 

Estimation procedures 3 

Grouping of characteristics 4 

Job title and principal equipment operated 4 

Employment size class 4 

Present job, present company, and total mining 

experience 4 

Job-related training during last 2 years 4 

Age 4 

Reliability of estimates 4 

Validation of estimates 5 



Page 

Summary of major findings 5 

Application of data for injury analyses 6 

Recommendations for future work 7 

References 7 

Appendix A.— Metallic mining industry job title 

grouping 8 

Appendix B.— Metallic mining industry equipment 

operated grouping 11 

Appendix C— Estimation procedures 13 

Appendix D.— Reliability of estimates: random group 

variance technique 14 

Appendix E.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates 15 
Appendix F.— Mining industry population survey letters 

and questionnaire 37 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



1. Percentage of 1986 metallic mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by age 

2. Percentage of 1986 metallic mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by sex. 



TABLES 



1 . Population and injury statistics for 1986 metallic mining sector 2 

Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates — 

E-l . Job title, by employment size class 15 

E-2. Principal equipment operated, by employment size class 15 

E-3. Work location at mine, by employment size class 16 

E-4. Experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 16 

E-5. Training received, by employment size class 17 

E-6. Age distribution, by employment size class 17 

E-7. Sex, race, and education, by employment size class 17 

E-8. Job title, by principal equipment operated 18 

E-9. Job title, by work location at mine 19 

E-10. Job title, by years of experience at job 20 

E-l 1 . Job title, by years of experience at company 20 

E-12. Job title, by years of mining experience 21 

E-13. Job title, by hours of training received in last 2 years 21 

E-14. Job title, by years of age 22 

E-15. Job title, by sex 22 

E-16. Job title, by race 23 

E-17. Job title, by education 23 

E-18. Principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 24 

E-19. Principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 years 24 

E-20. Principal equipment operated, by years of age 25 

E-21 . Principal equipment operated, by sex 25 

E-22. Principal equipment operated, by race 26 

E-23. Principal equipment operated, by education 26 

E-24. Job, company, and mining experience, by work location 27 

E-25. Training received, by work location 27 

E-26. Age distribution, by work location 28 

E-27. Sex, race, and education, by work location 28 

E-28. Experience at job, by hours of training received in last 2 years 29 



11 



TABLES — Continued 

Page 

E-29. Experience at job, by years of age 29 

E-30. Experience at job, by sex 30 

E-3 1 . Experience at job, by race 30 

E-32. Experience at job, by education 30 

E-33. Experience at company, by hours of training received in last 2 years 31 

E-34. Experience at company, by years of age 31 

E-35. Experience at company, by sex 32 

E-36. Experience at company, by race 32 

E-37. Experience at company, by education 32 

E-38. Age, by education 33 

E-39. Age, race, and education, by sex 33 

E-40. Age and education, by race 34 

Number of workers and coefficient of variation — 

E-41 . By employment size class 34 

E-42. By job title 34 

E-43 . By principal equipment operated 35 

E-44. By work location 35 

E-45. By experience at job, company, and mining 35 

E-46. By training received 35 

E-47. By age 36 

E-48. By sex, race, and education 36 



UNIT OF MEASURE ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS REPORT 


h 


hour 


pet 


percent 


yr 


year 







CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 1986 METALLIC MINING WORKFORCE 



By Shail J. Butani 1 and Ann M. Bartholomew 2 



ABSTRACT 



In 1986 the Bureau of Mines conducted a probability sample survey, Mining Industry Popula- 
tion Survey, to measure such employee characteristics as occupation; principal equipment operated; 
work location at the mine; present job, present company, and total mining experience; job-related 
training during the last 2 years; age; sex; race; and education. The population estimates are necessary 
to properly analyze the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) injury (includes illness 
and fatality data) statistics; that is, to compare and contrast injury rates for various subpopulations 
in order to identify those groups that are exhibiting higher than average injury rates. 

This report uses the survey's results to characterize the U.S. metallic mining workforce from 
March through September 1986. Similar reports have been published for the stone, sand and gravel, 
and nonmetallic mining industries, as well as for the entire metal and nonmetal mining (includes 
metallic, stone, sand and gravel, and nonmetallic industries) sector and the coal mining sector. 



'Mathematical statistician (now with Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC). 

Statistical assistant. 

Twin Cities Research Center, Bureau of Mines, Minneapolis, MN. 



INTRODUCTION 



According to the occupational safety and health (OSH) statistics 
published annually by the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of 
Labor Statistics, the mining industry (excluding oil and gas extrac- 
tion) always has had one of the highest injury incidence rates among 
the major industry divisions. One of the primary objectives of the 
Bureau of Mines is to conduct research in the area of health and 
safety of the nation's miners, aimed at reducing the incidence rate 
of work-related injuries (includes illnesses and fatalities) in the 
domestic mining industry. In order to reduce the overall incidence 
rate, the Bureau needs to identify which groups or subpopulations 
of the workforce are exhibiting higher than average incidence rates. 

To identify the high-risk groups, information about the injured 
workers and about the entire workforce is required. Present regula- 
tions permit MSHA to collect information on all mine injuries 
requiring medical attention. Hence, a data base containing various 
characteristics on the injured workforce is available. Since similar 
information about the entire workforce was not available, the Bureau 
conducted a probability sample survey called the Mining Industry 
Population Survey (MIPS), also known as the demographics survey, 
to collect the necessary data. The 1986 survey measured the follow- 
ing characteristics: job title or occupation, principal equipment 
operated, work location at mine, experience at present job, 
experience at present company, total mining experience, job-related 
training during the last 2 years, age, sex, race, and education. This 
demographics survey provided information about the population at 
risk and will aid research in pinpointing the hazardous segments 
of the population, as illustrated by the following example. 

From MSHA's injury data base, it is known that 2,207 males 
and 51 females working in the U.S. metallic mining industry were 
injured in 1986. If information about the population at risk (i.e., 
the number of male and female workers for the metallic mining 
industry in 1986) is not known, then it is not valid to draw the 
conclusion that male miners are at a much higher injury risk than 
female miners. The estimates from the demographics survey show 
that there were a total of 33,542 male workers and 2,255 female 
workers (table E-15) employed in U.S. metallic mining in 1986. 
Of these workers, the nonoffice workforce identified by occupation 



or job title consists of 32,735 males and 1,182 females (table E-7). 
The reason for excluding office Workers from the analysis is to 
account for some of the obvious difference in job risk. It should 
be noted that in the office worker category only 2 pet are males 
and 48 pet are females (table E-15). The added information on the 
population puts the injury statistics in a better perspective, as shown 
in table 1. 



Table 1.— Population and injury statistics for 
1986 metallic mining sector 





Population 
statistics 




Injury statistics 






Workers 


pet 


Injuries 


pet 


Lost 

workdays 


pet 


Male .... 
Female . . 


32,735 
1,182 


96.5 
3.5 


2,207 
51 


97.7 
2.3 


30,162 
686 


97.8 
2.2 


Total . . . 


33,917 


100.0 


2,258 


100.0 


30,848 


100.0 



Since the difference between the distribution of workers and 
injuries, as well as lost workdays, is relatively large, it would be 
interesting to further investigate the source of variation. Could the 
source of variation be job mix by sex? 

Hence, the present research will aid in finding solutions to 
reduce the injury incidence rates for the high-risk groups. That is, 
the collected information will be used to compare and contrast the 
demographics composition of the hazardous groups with those of 
the safer groups. Thus, through present research, the differences 
and similarities between the two groups can be defined. 

The purpose of this report is to provide the U.S. metallic mining 
population estimates for March through September 1986 by various 
characteristics. This information is essential to performing the injury 
data analysis that is the ultimate goal of the survey. 

In addition to this report, there are three companion reports 
{1-3Y covering the stone, sand and gravel, and nonmetallic mining 
industries. Summary reports have been published for the entire metal 
and nonmetal mining industry (4) and the coal mining industry (5). 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



The authors thank the officials of the U.S. Department of Labor, 
MSHA, for submitting the MIPS justification package to the Office 
of Management and Budget for its clearance to collect the data. 
Special thanks go to Kathy Snyder, public affairs specialist, Office 



of Information and Public Affairs, MSHA, for initiating the study, 
and to Edwin Thomasson, research liaison officer. Technical 
Support, MSHA, for his continuous effort and support. 



SURVEY METHODOLOGY 



POPULATION 

The MIPS covered all workers employed in the anthracite coal 
(SIC 111), 4 bituminous coal (SIC 121), metal (SIC 101-106, 109, 
281), stone (SIC 141, 142, 324, 327), sand and gravel (SIC 144), 
and nonmetal (SIC 131, 145, 147, 149, 289, 299) mining industries 
of the United States during the period March through September 
1986. This report gives estimates only for the metallic mining sector. 

The information pertaining to the mine employees included in 
the survey was collected through the mine operators, because a com- 
prehensive sampling frame (name and address file) of the workers 



in mine establishments was not available, and cost considerations 
prohibited the data collection through personal visits. The number 
of universe units (establishments under MSHA's jurisdiction) 
covered by the scope of this survey was approximately 18.350. with 
a total employment level of about 350,000. The number of 
establishments and employment for the metallic mining was about 



'Italic numbers in parentheses refer to items in the list of references preceding the 
appendixes at the end of this report. 

4 The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) was revised in 1987; the industry group 
numbers used here are those in effect at the time of the MIPS. 



620 and 39,000, respectively. The scope of the data for the 
employees covered by this survey is the same as that of the data 
collected by MSHA form 7000-1 for mine accidents, injuries, 
illnesses, and fatalities, and MSHA form 7000-2 for quarterly mine 
employment. The collection of the fundamental statistics reported 
on these two forms is required by law (30 U.S.C. 813; 30 CFR 50). 



SAMPLE 

The principal feature of the survey sample design was its use 
of two-stage stratified random sampling. The primary sampling units 
(first stage) were the mine establishments; the secondary sampling 
units were employees within each of the chosen mine establishments. 
The characteristics used to stratify the primary units were the 
industry (anthracite coal, bituminous coal, metal, stone, sand and 
gravel, nonmetal); mine type (underground, surface, plant or mill); 
employment size class (1-19, 20-49, 50-99, 100-249, 250-499, 
500-999, 1,000 and above); and status code (active, intermittent). 
Since the first three stratification characteristics are highly correlated 
with the characteristics that the survey was to measure, use of 
stratified sampling increased the efficiency of the sample design 
and thus resulted in a smaller required sample size. The fourth 
characteristic, status code, was chosen so that nonresponse adjust- 
ment could be made within more homogenous groups. This is 
desirable because proportionately higher numbers of nonmailable, 
out-of-business, refusal, etc., responses are reported from inter- 
mittent mine establishments than from active mine establishments. 

The sampling frame used for this survey was the 1985 
preliminary address and employment file maintained by MSHA. 
A probability sample of 220 metallic mining establishments from 
a universe of 617 metallic mining establishments was selected by 
stratifying the frame as previously described and using a systematic 
sampling procedure with a random start for each stratum. The 
employees within an establishment were selected by using a 
systematic sampling procedure with a common random start for 
each employment size class. 

A brief description of the sample allocation is as follows. For 
larger employment size classes, the allocation procedure placed all 
of the establishments on the frame in the sample as primary sampling 
units from which the employees were subsampled at a low frequency 
rate. As employment size class decreased, smaller and smaller 
proportions of the establishments were included as primary sampling 
units, but the employees within the establishments were subsampled 
at a higher frequency rate. The use of this procedure gave each 
employee, to the extent possible, about the same probability of 
inclusion in the sample, thus reducing the sampling variability. In 
order to limit the response burden for any one establishment, a 
maximum sample of 50 employees per establishment was selected. 



businesses under construction); the remaining 176 returns were 
within the scope of the survey (i.e., nonrespondents, usables, 
refusals, and unusables). Of the 176 in-scope records, 138 were 
usables. Thus, the survey achieved a usable response rate of 78 pet. 
A brief description of the response terms follows: 



Response code 



Description 



Nonrespondent Received no response from the 

establishment. 
Usable Establishment provided usable 

data. 
Refusal Establishment refused to provide 

any data. 
Unusable Establishment provided data that 

were not in usable format. 
Nonmailable Establishment's address was 

either insufficient or wrong. 
Duplicate Data were combined with another 

establishment's data. 
Out-of-business Establishment was permanently 

closed. 
New business Establishment was in development 

stage. 
Temporary inactive .... Establishment was temporarily 

not operating. 

As part of the data collection phase, all the returns were 
reviewed and edited for completeness and reasonableness of the 
data. Whenever there were inconsistencies, the respondents were 
called for reconciliation. Also, almost all of the respondents that 
had initially refused to participate in the survey were contacted by 
phone. Approximately 80 pet of these respondents ultimately 
supplied data. Adjustments for those mine establishments that did 
not supply the data, or supplied partial data, are explained in the 
"Estimation Procedures" section and in appendix C. 



DATA CODING, ENTERING, AND EDITING 

The returns underwent a very comprehensive review and editing 
process in order to (1) minimize the reporting differences among 
the respondents (establishments), (2) ensure consistency of coding 
among the individual worker entries, (3) ensure the accuracy of 
the data entry, and (4) ensure compatibility of occupation and equip- 
ment coding with the MSHA injury data base. 



ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 



DATA COLLECTION 

The MIPS was conducted from March through September 1986 
by mail questionnaire through the Bureau's Twin Cities (MN) 
Research Center. A reproduction of the original letter, followup 
letter, and the questionnaire bearing the Office of Management and 
Budget clearance number authorizing collection of the data are 
included in appendix F. 

The response status for the metallic mining sector from the 
original and followup mailings, as well as from telephone calls to 
the nonrespondents, is summarized here. From a total population 
of 617 metallic mining establishments, the survey sampled 220 
operations. The overall response and rate were 211 and 96 pet, 
respectively. There were 44 out-of-scope returns (i.e., out of 
businesses, nonmailables, duplicates, temporary inactives, and new 



In a simple random sampling plan, all units are sampled with 
the same sampling ratio. To derive the population estimates, the 
sample units are weighted (replicated) by the inverse of the sampling 
ratio. Because of efficiency consideration, the data for this 
demographics study were collected using a complex survey design. 
Hence, the data for each worker, the ultimate sampling unit, were 
not equally weighted. Instead, the population estimates were derived 
by weighting data for each worker with the appropriate final weight 
of the data, which was the product of the following three factors: 
(1) the inverse of the sampling ratio with which the primary sampling 
unit (establishment) was sampled; (2) a nonresponse adjustment 
factor that was computed separately for each sampling stratum and 
assigned to all responding establishments in a stratum to account 
for those establishments in that stratum that did not respond; and 
(3) the inverse of the sampling ratio with which the secondary 
sampling units (workers) were selected. A detailed discussion of 



the different weights and estimation formulas are given in 
appendix C. In statistical terms, the survey's estimates of the popula- 
tion total were based on a Horvitz-Thompson estimator (6). 

No adjustment was made for partial nonresponse. That is, the 
characteristics that were left blank by the respondents were coded 
as unspecified and were, naturally, weighted by their appropriate 
final weight in computing the population estimates. The percentage 
unspecified for a particular characteristic gives the user an indica- 
tion of the completeness of the schedules. 



GROUPING OF CHARACTERISTICS 

The original data base has detailed data for the characteristics 
mentioned below. For purposes of publication, the detailed data 
were combined into groups. Please contact the authors to obtain 
detailed data or a different grouping of the data for any or all of 
the characteristics. 

Job Title and Principal Equipment Operated 

Since the original data base has about 100 codes for each of 
these two categories (see appendixes A and B), the entries were 
combined into 20 to 25 groups. Similarities of the job title or 
principal equipment operated and number of workers in each entry 
were two of the main criteria used in forming the groups. 

Employment Size Class 

The classes used for this characteristic are the standard size 
class definition used by MSHA. Because there were very few mines 
for the size class having 1,000 or more employees, the estimates 
for this class were computed separately and then were combined 
with the estimates for employment size class 500 through 999 in 
order to protect the confidentiality of the mines as well as the 
workers. The combined size class is labeled as 500 + . 



Present Job, Present Company, and 
Total Mining Experience 

The data for all three of these characteristics were coded only 
as the number of years. It was felt that data were not reliable enough 
to be accurate to the month. The groupings were formed to be as 
compatible as possible to the groupings used by MSHA for its injury 
statistics. 



Job-Related Training During Last 2 Years 

The grouping for this characteristic was formed to reflect the 
definite and logical intervals that various mine operators employ 
and that meets the need of the mine safety personnel. The most 
frequently reported number was 16 h for training during the last 
2 years; this is because MSHA requires a minimum training of 
8 h/yr. Also, MSHA and safety personnel are interested in know- 
ing the percent of workers who receive no training. Hence, both 
and 16 h were categorized separately. 



Age 

The groupings for age were formed to be about the same as 
what MSHA uses for its injury statistics. 



RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES 

As stated in reference 7: 

All estimates derived from a sample survey are subject 
to sampling and nonsampling errors. Sampling errors occur 
because observations are made on a sample, not on the entire 
population. Estimates based on the different possible samples 
of the same size and sample design could differ. Nonsampling 
errors in the estimates can be attributed to many sources, 
e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the 
sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, definitional 
difficulties, etc. 

Nonsampling errors occur in a census as well as in a sample 
survey. As mentioned earlier, the completed forms underwent a 
very comprehensive review and edit process. This was primarily 
done to minimize the nonsampling errors. 

In a probability sample, the coefficients of variation (CV's), 
which are a measure of the sampling errors in the estimates, can 
be estimated from the survey data. CV's were calculated for the 
basic characteristics as part of the survey estimation process; these 
CV's as well as the corresponding estimates for number of workers 
are given in tables E-41 through E-48. The CV's for other estimates 
can also be derived if requested. The methodology used to compute 
the estimated CV's is given below. 

By definition, the CV of any sample estimate is equal to the 
standard error of the estimate divided by the value of the estimate 
(8). In other words, it is a measure of relative variation. Because 
the survey data will be used by numerous researchers to measure 
different statistics (e.g., totals, means, medians, percentages) by 
various cross-classification categories, it was not feasible to use 
the exact formula for the standard error estimates. Hence, a 
generalized formula that approximated the exact formula and that 
was easy to implement for computing all the standard error estimates 
was developed. It should be noted that since the survey uses a 
complex sampling design, the usual variance, standard deviation, 
and standard error estimates computed by the software packages 
are no longer valid because they are based on simple random sample 
design. The reliability measures for this survey were computed by 
employing a random group variance technique. A brief descrip- 
tion of it is given in appendix D and a detailed discussion is given 
in reference 9. 

The purpose of producing a reliability measure for this report 
is to define the confidence interval or range that would include the 
comparable complete coverage value. For example, the total number 
of estimated truck drivers for the 1986 metallic mining industry 
was 2, 184 (table E-l and E-42) with a CV of 3.6 pet (table E^2) 
with a CV of 8.4 pet (table E-42). Based on this information, the 
standard error on the total number of truck drivers is 1 83 (estimate 
X CV = 2,184 x 0.084) and the 95-pct confidence interval is 1.818 
to 2,550 (2,184 ± 2 x 183). This means that with 95 pet con- 
fidence, it can be said that the interval 1 ,818 to 2,550 includes the 
total number of truck drivers in the stone mining industry that would 
have been obtained from a census of the frame. 

In general, the smaller the subpopulation size, the larger the 
variability in the estimates. Additionally, the larger the nonresponse. 
the less reliable the estimate may be. As mentioned earlier, 
nonresponse error is considered a nonsampling error. This error 
occurred more frequendy for estimates of job-related training during 
the last 2 years and total mine experience than for other variables 
because conceptually these variables are harder to report. Moreover, 
it is possible that the training estimates might be somewhat biased 
because many respondents filled in 16 h, the minimum number of 
hours required by MSHA over a 2-year period. 



VALIDATION OF ESTIMATES 

Once the estimates were produced, they were validated for 
accuracy and reasonableness by several mining industry specialists. 
Additionally, the total employment for each industry was compared 
to an independent census conducted by MSHA, the results of which 
are reported in references 10 through 14. The injury experience 
reports tabulate the injury-illness-fatality data reported to MSHA 
on form 7000-1 and employment data reported on form 7000-2. 
While the data base used to compile the statistics for these reports 
contains detailed information for the injured victims, it does not 
contain similar information for the entire workforce. The breakdown 
of total employment is available only by type of ore mined, employ- 
ment size class, and work location. Hence, the MIPS was conducted 
so that MSHA injury data could be analyzed in greater detail. 

The data show that the overall employment figures from the 
two sources differed about 9 pet for the metallic mining industry, 
with the MSHA figures being higher than those of the demographic 
survey. The difference in the estimates is caused in part by 
differences in reporting, coverage period, definitions, and 
methodology as explained below for data comparison by employ- 
ment size class and by work location. 

When comparing distribution of workers by employment size 
class, the differences between the data of the total row of table E-l 
of this report and MSHA data as stated in table 4 of reference 10 
are substantial. This is mainly due to the differences in definition 
and methodology. The MIPS classification is based on total employ- 
ment of an establishment as it existed when the respondents filled 
out the questionnaire. MSHA collects employment on a quarterly 
basis, and for each quarter it is possible for the employment to be 
broken into a maximum of four different work locations; hence, 
each establishment may have up to 16 different employment figures. 

Per MSHA's methodology, the size groups are classified 
according to the lowest numbered (primary) subunit's average 
employment of four quarters and not on the total employment of 



an establishment, as is the case with the MIPS. For example, if 
an establishment's annual average employment is 60, but the 
employment for the primary subunit, say underground, is 15, then 
the establishment per MSHA's methodology is classified in size 
class 1 through 19, whereas according to the MIPS procedure it 
is in size class 50 through 99. It is for this reason the average 
employment per operation as stated in table 4 of reference 10 is 
4.3 for size class 1-4. It should be noted that MSHA classification 
overestimates the employment in smaller size classes. 

In view of the above, the injury data as published in reference 
10 by size class should not be analyzed against the MIPS employ- 
ment size class data. Instead, the analyst needs to retabulate the 
MSHA injury data from the original data tapes so that the size class 
definition corresponds to the MIPS. 

Also, a large difference existed between MIPS and MSHA 
figures for employment distribution by work location. This is 
primarily due to differences in reporting. The employment reported 
to MSHA every quarter is in aggregate numbers for each work loca- 
tion (maximum of four). Generally, this type of reporting results 
in gross approximations in the breakdown of variables such as 
employment. For the MIPS data, the work location was reported 
for each worker in the sample, in the same manner as it is reported 
to MSHA on form 7000-1 for each injured worker. It should be 
noted that the data on work location for individual workers is known 
with more specificity than for the whole population. Hence, it is 
appropriate to analyze the survey work location data with MSHA 
injury statistics. 

Additionally, a small portion of the difference in the two 
estimates is due to the job tide category of office workers. The MIPS 
underestimated the number of employees in this category because 
many respondents assumed that these workers very seldom incur 
injuries and therefore were not to be reported. For the purposes 
of injury analysis, the office workers are to be excluded because 
of some of the obvious difference in the injury risk. Hence, the 
difference in counts of office workers does not make any difference. 



SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS 



The findings of the survey by various cross-classifications are 
given as estimates in tables E-l through E-40; tables E-41 through 
E-48 give reliability estimates for the basic characteristics and a 
detailed discussion of their use is given in the "Reliability of 
Estimates" section. If desired, the estimates by some other 
classification criteria including more detailed estimates (e.g., 
distribution of workers by age and experience at present company 
working at the plant or mill location) can be derived from the original 
data base. The following findings are based on the data for the entire 
1986 metallic mining workforce. 

• The total estimated workforce for 1986 was approximately 
35,900 (table E-l). The data in table E-l also indicate that 
only 10 pet of the workforce was employed in establishments 
with 49 or less employees, 27 pet in establishments with 
50-249 employees, and 63 pet in establishments with greater 
than 249 employees. That is, the bulk of the employment 
was in larger establishments. 

• Distribution of workers by work title varied greatly according 
to the employment size class (table E-l). This was especially 
true for the grouping manager-foreman-supervisor (general). 
In the employment size class 1-19, this category was 13 pet; 
however, in the size class 500+ , it was 2 pet. 



• Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist was the largest category 
of workers, with 22 pet employment; plant operator- 
warehouseman made up another 15 pet; the laborer-miner- 
utility man category was 12 pet; and mine technical support, 
1 1 pet (table E-l). Each of the remaining occupation group- 
ings had fewer than 7 pet of the employees. 

• The distribution of workers by work location was under- 
ground mine, 14 pet; surface at underground mine, 5 pet; 
surface mine, 31 pet; plant or mill, 42 pet; and office 9 pet 
(table E-3). The distribution of workers by work location 
also varied greatly across size class. 

• Mean hours of training during the last 2 years was highest 
(68 h) for driller-rock bolter category (table E-l 3). 

• Of the female employees, 48 pet had the job title category 
office worker, compared with 2 pet of the males (table E-15). 

The following findings are based on metallic mining data that 
exclude the job title category of office worker. 

• The largest category of equipment operated was handtools 
(powered and nonpowered) with 23 pet of the employment 
(table E-2). This category was followed by categories none 
and plant equipment, with 18 and 12 pet, respectively. 



95 pet 



g, pct 92 pet 93 P ct 



89 pct 



80 pct 



70 pct 



15-23 



27-29 30-34 35-39 

AGE, yr 



50+ 



Figure 1.— Percentage of 1986 metallic mining workforce with 
at least a high school diploma, by age (excluding job title category 
of office worker, as well as workers whose education was 
unspecified. 



84 pct 


87 pct 













MALE 



FEMALE 



Figure 2.— Percentage of 1986 metallic mining workforce with 
at least a high school diploma, by sex (excluding job title category 
of office worker, as well as workers whose education was 
unspecified. 



The median experience at present job, present company, and 

total mining were 6, 10, and 12 years, respectively (table 

E-4). 

Mean job-related training during the last 2 years was 43 h 

(table E-5). 

Mean age was 40 years across all size classes (table E-6). 

Males made up 97 pct of the workforce (table E-7). Note 

that the 97-pct figure excludes the unspecified category. 

Whites, blacks, and Hispanics made up 85, 2, and 10 pct, 

respectively, of the workforce (table E-7). The remaining 

3 pct workers belonged either to another race or were 

unspecified. 

Of those workers whose education was specified, 84 pct had 

a high school or better education (table E-7) . Note that this 

figure is obtained by (1) summing the workers in the 

categories high school diploma, vocational diploma, some 

college, and college degree, and (2) dividing this sum by 

the total number of workers minus the workers in the 

unspecified category. In this case, it is 27,480 divided by 

32,812. 



The distribution of workers by equipment operated varied 
considerably between males and females. This was especially 
true for the principal equipment categories handtools 
(powered and nonpowered), scale-lab equipment-controls, 
and none (table E-21). For example, scale-lab equipment- 
controls was the principal equipment operated by 26 pct of 
the females compared with 4 pct for males. Handtools was 
the largest principal equipment operated category for males 
(24 pct) but for females this category was 2 pct. 
Education and median experience at the present company 
were inversely related (table E-37); that is. on the average, 
the less educated the person was, the longer he or she was 
employed at the company. 

There was a higher percentage of employees with at least 
a high school education under the age of 40 than there were 
of age 40 and over (table E-38 and figure 1); education 
categorized by sex (table E-39) is shown in figure 2. 



APPLICATION OF DATA FOR INJURY ANALYSES 



The ultimate objective of this study is to provide a basis for— 

1. Analyzing the 1986 MSHA metallic mining injury statistics 
and identifying those subpopulations exhibiting higher or lower than 
average injury rates. 

2. Producing some selected estimates by geographic location 
such as regions (east, central, west), MSHA districts, or States, 
and performing injury data analyses. 

3. Producing some selected estimates by SIC codes such as 
iron, copper, lead-zinc, etc., and performing injury data analyses. 



4. Developing an easy to use computerized data base that would 
be available to the researchers to do their own analyses, especially 
in the area of targeting injury prevention and training efforts. 

The results from these analyses, which encompass all facets 
of mining operations, can help identify areas where research efforts 
should be devoted to achieve the greatest safety improvements, thus 
preventing creation of unnecessary regulations or crash research 
programs that tend to waste funds. 



RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK 



1 . After the injury analyses are performed, and the hazardous 
areas or subpopulations have been identified, it would be desirable 
to further investigate their problems and needs. This can be 
accomplished by conducting some special surveys such as an equip- 
ment use survey, maintenance-related work survey, small mines 
survey, etc. 

2. Repeat the MIPS and perform the injury analyses period- 
ically, say every 3 to 5 years, in order to study the changing mining 



environment and its impact on mining safety and productivity. When 
the survey is repeated, it is recommended that modifications be made 
to the questionnaire to reflect new needs. It is also recommended 
that the collection of total mine experience and job-related training 
data be eliminated, since these variables are conceptually very hard 
to measure. Also, the variables experience on the job and experience 
with the company should be measured in years only. 



REFERENCES 



1. Butani, S. J., and A. M. Bartholomew. Characterization of the 1986 
Stone Mining Workforce. BuMines IC 9202, 1988, in press. 

2. . Characterization of the 1986 Sand and Gravel Mining 

Workforce. BuMines IC 9203, 1988, in press. 

3. . Characterization of the 1986 Nonmetallic Mining Workforce. 

BuMines IC 9204, 1988, in press. 

4. . Characterization of the 1986 Metal and Nonmetal Mining 

Workforce. BuMines IC 9193, 1988, 60 pp. 

5. . Characterization of the 1986 Coal Mining Workforce. 

BuMines IC 9192, 1988, 67 pp. 

6. Cochran, W. G. Sampling Techniques. Wiley, 3d ed., 1977, 429 pp. 

7. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Illnesses in the United 
States by Industry, 1985. May 1987, 81 pp. 

8. Hansen, M. H., W. N. Hurwitz, and W. G. Madow. Sample Survey 
Methods and Theory. Wiley, v. 1, 1953, 638 pp. 



9. Wolter, K. M. Introduction to Variance Estimation. Springer- Verlag, 
1985, 440 pp. 

10. U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration. Injury Experience in 
Metallic Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1158, 1987, 276 pp. 

11. . Injury Experience in Stone Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1160, 

1987, 450 pp. 

12. . Injury Experience in Sand and Gravel Mining, 1986. Inf. 

Rep. 1161, 1987, 111 pp. 

13. . Injury Experience in Nonmetallic Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 

1159, 1987, 291 pp. 

14. . Injury Experience in Coal Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1157, 

1987, 390 pp. 



APPENDIX A.— METALLIC MINING INDUSTRY JOB TITLE GROUPING 

Description Job title code 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 367, 378, 778, 387 

Beltman-belt repairman 601, 1012, 996 

Blaster 807 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 372 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 368, 768, 985 

Driller-rock bolter 33, 34, 333, 334, 1056, 46 

Electrician-lampman 402, 602, 603, 385 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 382, 782, 825, 389 

Grader-scraper operator 375, 775, 957 

Laborer-miner-utility man 616, 53, 316, 36, 38, 39, 45, 57, 58, 59, 158, 216, 224, 327, 

386, 395, 609, 624, 663, 710, 716, 874, 997, 1013, 1055 
Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 430, 449, 481, 489, 494 

Maintenance 418 

Working 749 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 404, 604, 605, 1019, 1018, 1060, 394, 608 

Mine technical support 320, 393, 396, 414, 423, 456, 464, 495, 593, 594, 920, 921, 

930, 965, 998, 1014 

Office worker 497 

Plant operator-warehouseman 374, 379, 380, 388, 390, 392, 1022 

Shuttle car-tram operator 850, 28, 29, 269, 373, 728, 962, 969 

Truck driver 376, 776 



Code Description 

28 Scoop tram operator 

29 Mucking machine operator 

33 Driller helper, underground 

34 Exploration driller, underground 

Longhole driller, underground 

Prospect driller, underground 

Diamond driller, underground 

36 Continuous miner operator 

38 Cutting machine operator 

39 Hand loader 

Trammer 
45 Hangup man 

Rockman 

Raise blaster 

Chute blaster 

Rock handler 
46 Pinner 

Truss bolter 

Rock bolter 

Roof trimmer 

Roof man 

Scaler operator 

Roof bolter 
53 Nipper 

Utility man 

57 Stope miner 

58 DXC miner 

Drift miner 

59 Raise miner 

158 Rock machine operator, underground 

216 Trackman 

224 Trainees, underground 



Code Description 

269 Chute puller, underground 

Locomotive operator 

Car loader underground 

Whistle punk, underground 
316 Service truck operator 

Laborer 

Track gang, surface 

Surface worker 

Utility man, surface 

Pumper, surface 

Tamping machine operator 
320 Cage attendant, surface 

Aerial tram— outside only 

327 Surface miner 

333 Driller helper 

334 Carriage-mounted drill operator, surface 

Wagon drill operator, surface 

Churn driller, surface 

Rotary drill operator 

JP drill operator, surface 

Air-track driller, outside only 
367 Backhoe operator 

Power shovel operator 

Pitman 
368 Dozer operator 

Track operator helper, surface 

Tractor operator, surface 
372 Deckhand 

Dredge operator 

Barge attendant 

Barge loader 

Boat operator 



Code Description 

373 Car dropper 

374 Storekeeper 

Blunger 

Process operator 

Sandbox operator 

Mill operator 

Reagent operator 

Car loader, surface 

Warehouseman 

Shipping 

Media operator 

Breakerman 

Crusher operator 

Sewing machine operator 

Boney preparation plant operator 

Packaging 

Cleaning plant operator 

Truck loader 

Bagger-baler 

Preparation plant operator 

Cobber 

375 Grader operator, surface 

376 Truck driver, surface 

378 Dragline operator 

Dropball operator 

Crane operator, surface 
379 Kiln operator 

Calciner 

Dryer operator 

380 Fine coal plant operator 

382 Loader operator 

Front-end loader operator, surface 

Pan operator 

Scraper operator 

Highlift operator 

Payloader operator 

385 Lampman 

386 Refuse truck driver 

387 Rotary bucket excavator operator 

388 Separator operator 

Scalper 

Shaker operator 

Screen operator 

389 Forklift operator 

390 Silo operator 

392 Washery operator 

Topman 

Skip dumper 

Binman 

Scrubber operator 

Tipple operator-attendant 
393 Scaleperson 

Weighman-weighmaster 

394 Carpenter 

395 Water truck operator 

396 Watchman 

Security guard 

402 Master electrician 

404 Master mechanic 



Code Description 

414 Laboratory assistant 

Analyst 

Laboratory technician 

Laboratory supervisor 

Quality control 

Dust sampler 

Emission control specialist 
418 Maintenance supervisor 

Maintenance foreman 

423 Surveyor 

430 Assistant mine manager 

Assistant mine foreman-vice president 
449 Mine owner 

Assayers 

President 

General foreman 

Mine manager 

Mine foreman 
456 Engineer 

Metallurgist-geologist 

Chemist 

464 Inspector 

481 Superintendents 

Project managers 

Coordinators 

Supervisors 

489 Outside foreman 

494 Plant manager 

Mill manager 

Plant foreman 

Mill foreman 
495 Safety coordinator 

Safety manager 

Safety director 

Environmental coordinator 

Safety engineer 
497 Office help 

Computer operator 

Controller 

Clerk 

593 Nurse 

594 Training specialist 

601 Conveyor man 

Belt walker 

Belt installer 

Tunnel worker 

Tailpiece man 

Belt mover 

Mobile bridge carrierman 

Beltman 
602 Lineman 

Electrician 
603 Electrician helper 



10 



Code Description 

604 Fueler 

Boilermaker 

Plumber 

Pipefitter 

Boiler operator 

Pipe man 

Boiler trainee 

Mechanic 

Repairman 

Mill wright 

605 Mechanic helper 

608 Mason 

609 Supplyman 

Material man 
616 Rock picker 

Parts runner 

Groundman 

Unit helper 

Bathhouse attendant 

Pointman 

Laborer 

Slate picker 

Roustabout 

Extra man 
624 Trainees 

Apprentice 
663 Ledgeman 

Quarry man 

Miner, not elsewhere classified 

Shaft miner 

Probeman 
710 Propman 

Timberman 
716 Cement man 

Form man 

Grizzly tender 
728 Gizmo operator 

Load-haul-dump operator, underground 
749 Shift boss 

Foreman-leadman 

Bullgang foreman 

Labor foreman 

Section boss-foreman 

768 Heavy equipment operator 

775 Grader operator, underground 

776 Truck driver, underground 

778 Cherry picker 

Crane operator, underground 

Dragline operator, underground 

Backhoe operator, underground 

Gradall operator 
782 Front-end loader operator, underground 



Code 


Description 


807 


. .Chargeman 




Shot firer 




Powder man 




Blaster 




Airdox operator 




Loading hole shooter 




Powder monkey 


825 


. .Bobcat operator 


850 


. . Ramcar operator 




Shuttle car operator 




Buggy operator 


874 


. Mine equipment operator 


920 


. .Cager 


921 


. Hoist operator 




Hoist engineer 




Shaftman 


930 


Skip tender 


957 


. . Scraper operator 


962 


. .Car runner, surface 




Trip rider 




Brakeman 




Flagman 




Car rider 




Conductor 


965 


. Dispatcher 


969 


. .Swamper 




Motorman 




Switchman 


985 


. .Heavy equipment operator, surface 




Mobile equipment operator, surface 


996 


. Feeder man 


997 


. General or many equipment operator 


998 


. Janitor 




Bag stenciler 




Prospector 




Painter 


1012.. 


. . Belt repairman 




Belt vulcanizer 


1013.. 


. .Cleanup man 


1014.. 


. .Sampler 


1018.. 


. . Lube man 




Greaser-oiler 


1019.. 


. .Welder 


1022 . . 


. Dump man 




Dump operator 


1055.. 


. .Chainman 


1056.. 


. . Rock driller 


1060.. 


. . Machinist 




Shopman 




Shop foreman 




Bit sharpener 



11 



APPENDIX B.— METALLIC MINING INDUSTRY EQUIPMENT OPERATED GROUPING 

Description Equipment code 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 60, 14 

Belt 13, 96 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 8, 85 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 53, 54, 49 

Drill (surface) 9 

Explosives 47 

Front-end loader-forklift 24, 23 

Grader-scraper 52, 57 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 28 

Hoist-elevator 30, 19, 38 

Many equipment 97 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 95, 12, 16 

Plant equipment 40, 7, 10, 11, 15, 18, 22, 26, 32, 39, 46, 51, 58, 69, 82, 83 

Pump 48 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 92, 80, 91 

Shuttle car-locomotive 61, 34, 33, 41, 42, 43, 65 

Truck (haulage) 44, 45 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 67, 37, 66 

Welding machine-lathe 70, 5 

None 

Not elsewhere classified 98, 68, 71, 81, 88 

Unspecified 99 



Code 



Description 



None 

5 Drill press 

Bench grinder 

Lathe 
7 Boats 

Barges 

Water transportation 
8 Bulldozer 

Dozer 

Crawler tractor 
9 Carriage mounted drill 

Jumbo drill 

Churn drill 

Rotary drill 

Jet piercing drill 

Airtrack compressor drill 
10 Chute 

Airslide 
11 Classifier 

Cyclones 
12 Continuous miner 

Dosco miner 
13 Belt feeder 

Mobile bridge carrier 

Conveyor 

All types belts 
14 Cherry picker 

Basket scaler 

Scaling machine 

Rock or dropball 

Boom hoist 

Derrick 

Crane 

Gantry 



Code Description 

15 Breaker 

Crusher 
16 Cutting machines 

Undercutter 

Chain cutter 

18 Dredge 

19 Elevator 

Buckets 

Cage 

Skip 
22 Precipitator heavy media bath 

Filters 

Flotation machines 

23 Forklift 

24 Highlift 

Skip tender 

Front-end loader 

Payloader 

26 Grizzlies 

28 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 

Ram jack 
30 Hoist 

Car dropper 

Hydraulic jack 

32 Impactor 

33 Scoop tram 

Unitrac 

Load-haul-dump 

Teletram car 

Bobcat, underground 
34 Locomotive 

Trammer 

Tow-motor 

Lorry car 

Rail-mounted locomotive 



12 



Code Description 

37 Porta bus 

Mancar 

Golf cart 

Mantrip 

Rail runner 

Rail rover 

Personnel carrier 

Boss buggy 

Jeep 
38 Man lift 

Scaling rig 
39 Grinding mills 

Ball or rod mills 
40 Milling machinery 

Block press 

General plant equipment 
41 Nipper truck, underground 

Mine car, underground 

Underground flatcar 

Timber truck, underground 
42 Mine car, surface 

Ore-coal car, surface 

Boxcar, surface 

Hopper car, surface 
43 Mucking machine 

Overshot loader 

44 Ore haulage trucks, offhighway 

45 Payloader ore haulage, onhighway 

46 Bagger 

Sewing machine 

Packaging machine 
47 Pneumatic blast agent loader 

Pop shooter 

Driller loader 

Prill loader 

Powder buggy 

Explosives 

48 Pump 

49 Raise borer 

51 Raw coal storage 

Tipple 

Dump bins 
52 Roadgrader 

Motor grader 

Motor patrol 
53 Jackleg 

Drifter drill 

Airleg 

Diamond drill 

Track drill 

Jumbo drill 

Rock drill 

Buzzy drill 

Jackhammer 

Hydraulic drill 

Stoper drill 



Code Description 

54 Pinner 

Roof bolting machine 
57 Pan scraper 

Scoop, surface 

Self-loading scraper 

Tractor scraper 

Scraper loader 
58 Shaker 

Vibrator 

Screen 
60 Dragline 

Dragline bucket 

Backhoe 

Power shovel 

Clamshell 
61 Buggy 

Shuttle car 

Ram car 
65 Track maintenance 

Track repair equipment 
66 Tractor, underground 

Elkhorn 

Supply car 
67 Trash truck 

Service truck 

Utility truck 

Water truck 

Dump truck 

Pickup truck 
68 Tugger 

Air winch 

69 Washers 

70 Welding machine 

Torch 
71 Machines, not elsewhere classified 

Rock rake 

Drilling rigs 

Impact roller 

80 Lab equipment 

81 Rigs, not elsewhere classified 

82 Boilers 

83 Furnaces 

Calciners 

Kilns 

Dryers 
85 Heavy equipment 

Mobile equipment 

88 Diesels 

91 Controls 

Consoles 

92 Scales 

95 Miscellaneous utility equipment 

96 Feeders 

97 Many-all types of equipment 

98 Not elsewhere classified 

99 Not specified 



13 



APPENDIX C— ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 



Establishment weight. —Suppose one out of every five mine 
establishments in a sampling stratum (industry-mine type-employ- 
ment size class-status) was selected. Then, the sampling ratio is 
1/5, and the establishment weight (EWT) is 5.00, the inverse of 
the sampling ratio. 

Nonresponse adjustment factor.— Also suppose in a given 
sampling stratum, 80 pet of the establishments that were within the 
scope of the survey responded. Then, the nonresponse adjustment 
factor (NRAF) is 1.25 (i.e., 100/80). 

Worker weight.— Additionally, there was the sampling ratio 
with which the workers in the establishment were sampled; the 
worker weight (WWT) ranged from 1.00 to 30.00 (see the first 
page of the MIPS questionnaire in appendix F). Theoretically, all 
the workers in a sampling stratum should have had the same weight. 
Hence, there would have been no need to assign weight at the worker 
level, as the worker weight could have been incorporated into the 
establishment weight. In practice, however, this is seldom the case 
because for a few establishments the employment level changes from 
what it was on the sampling frame to the time of the survey data 
collection. Since all the establishments did not report in the same 
employment size class that they were sampled in, it was necessary 
to also assign each worker a weight. 

Final weight.— For the purpose of computing the estimates, 
each worker was assigned a final weight (FWT) which was the 
product of establishment weight (EWT), nonresponse adjustment 
factor (NRAF), and the worker weight (WWT). That is, FWT = 
EWT X NRAF X WWT. 

Estimates of number of workers. —The estimates of the total 
number of workers were computed by (1) summing the final weights 
over the appropriate domain, and (2) rounding the sum to the nearest 
integer. 

Example: To estimate the total number of truck drivers: 

1. Compute x = I FWT;. 

ieD 
Where the domain, D, was the set of all records 
(workers) that had an occupation code of truck 
driver. 

2. Compute y = round (x). 



Estimates of mean. —The estimates of mean age (training) were 
computed by summing over the appropriate domain ( 1 ) the product 
of age (training) and final weight, (2) the final weights, and then 
(3) dividing the sum of the products by the sum of the weights and 
rounding the result to the nearest whole number. It should be noted 
that for each domain only those entries where age (training) was 
specified were included in the computation. 

Example: To estimate the mean age of the truck drivers: 



1. Compute x 



2. Compute y = 



I (Age; * FWT;). 

i£D 

I FWT,. 
kD 



Where domain, D, is the set of all records that 

had an occupation code of truck driver with age 

being specified. 

3. Compute z = round (x/y). 
Estimates of median. — The estimates of median job, company, 
and mining experience were derived by (1) sorting over the domain 
the records in ascending order of the experience for which the 
median statistic was desired, (2) computing the total number of 
workers (NW) in the domain by summing the final weights, and 
(3) selecting the experience corresponding to the middle worker(s) 
in the ordering. That is, if NW is an odd number, then the median 
experience is the experience corresponding to the (NW/2 + l)th 
worker in the ordering; if NW is an even number, then the median 
experience is the midpoint (rounded to the nearest integer) of the 
experience corresponding to the (NW/2)th and (NW/2 + l)th 
worker in the ordering. As with the mean estimates, the median 
estimates also excluded those entries in the domain with unspecified 
experience. 



14 



APPENDIX D.— RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES: RANDOM GROUP VARIANCE TECHNIQUE 



The random group method of variance estimation employed 
in this study consisted of selecting eight samples using the same 
sampling scheme for each sample as the parent sample. The primary 
sampling units (establishments) were divided into two sets. The first 
set consisted of noncertainty (probability of selection less than 1 .00) 
primary sampling units sorted by their original industry-mine type- 
employment size class-status. A random integer, say j, between 1 
and 8 was generated. The first primary unit in the ordering was 
assigned to the random group j, the second to the random group 
j + 1, and so forth in a modulo 8 fashion. Then, the secondary 
sampling units (workers) were assigned the same random group 
number as the primary unit to which they belonged. The second 
set consisted of all secondary sampling units belonging to the 
certainty (probability of selection equal to 1.00) primary sampling 
units. The secondary sampling units were sorted by the same scheme 
as above, and a random integer, say k, between 1 and 8 was 
generated. Then, the first secondary unit in the ordering was 
assigned to the random group k, the second to the random group 
k + 1, and so forth in a modulo 8 fashion. Hence, each worker 
belonged to a random group. For a more detailed discussion of the 
random group technique, the reader is referred to reference 9 of 
the main text. 

The following procedure was followed in computing the 
estimated variance (var), standard error (s), and the coefficient of 



variation (CV) for the estimated number of workers belonging to 
a particular category. 

1. The domain (i.e., category) was defined. 

2. A separate estimate for total number of workers, 6 t , for 
each of the eight random groups was computed. If any random 
group was empty, then a zero was assigned to that random 
group. 

3. Total number of workers, 0, for all eight groups was 
computed as 

e = e, + e 2 + . . . + e 8 . 

4. The mean number of workers per group was computed as 

, 9 = 0/8. 

5. The variance for was computed as 



0) 2 



var (0) = 8 I (0, 

i = l 7 

6. The standard error of was computed as 

s(0) = ^ var (0). 

7. The CV for was computed as 

CV(0) = s(0) x 100.0. 




15 



APPENDIX E.— METALLIC MINING 1986 WORKFORCE ESTIMATES 

Table E-1.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by employment size class 1 

Vf9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 

9 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator . . 38 2 15 1 18 1 63 1 103 2 320 2 557 2 

Beltman-belt repairman 40 1 87 1 127 

Blaster 46 1 93 2 50 189 1 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator ...6 7 00 120 
Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator 81 5 79 5 30 1 148 2 299 5 403 2 1 ,040 3 

Driller-rock bolter 85 5 54 3 72 3 300 4 163 3 355 2 1,029 3 

Electrician-lampman 47 3 17 1 70 3 197 3 208 4 1,125 7 1,663 5 

Front-end loader-torklift operator 117 7 41 2 84 4 167 2 105 2 115 1 629 2 

Grader-scraper operator 24 1 74 1 28 70 195 1 

Laborer-miner-utility man 256 14 190 11 380 18 956 12 396 7 2,106 12 4,284 12 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 231 13 134 8 134 6 478 6 156 3 424 2 1,558 4 

Maintenance 27 2 32 2 24 1 135 2 137 2 182 1 537 1 

Working 37 2 135 8 102 5 394 5 247 4 960 6 1 ,874 5 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 220 12 224 13 416 20 1,342 17 1,344 24 4,311 25 7,857 22 

Mine technical support 252 14 183 11 267 13 1,108 14 521 9 1,745 10 4,076 11 

Office worker 118 7 123 7 118 6 548 7 246 4 733 4 1 ,886 5 

Plant operator-warehouseman 158 9 352 21 243 12 1,045 14 842 15 2,635 15 5,275 15 

Shuttle car-tram operator 32 2 23 1 225 3 41 1 647 4 968 3 

Truck driver 68 4 92 5 122 6 483 6 620 11 800 5 2,184 6 

Total 1,771 100 1,695 100 2,101 100 7,715 100 5,590 100 17,068 100 35,940 100 

1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-2.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by employment size class 2 

~~ ~ V19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 

Job title grouping 2 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 44 3 33 2 21 1 54 1 103 2 395 2 650 2 

Belt 40 1 87 1 127 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 83 5 89 6 33 2 135 2 251 5 370 2 961 3 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 39 2 38 2 47 2 215 3 80 1 405 2 823 2 

Drill (surface) 47 3 17 1 21 1 103 1 83 2 58 328 1 

Explosives 46 1 79 1 50 175 1 

Front-end loader-forklift 135 8 83 5 122 6 194 3 257 5 212 1 1,003 3 

Grader-scraper 24 2 74 1 28 1 70 195 1 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) .. . 190 11 220 14 337 17 1,454 20 1,315 25 4,372 27 7,888 23 

Hoist-elevator 35 2 41 2 120 2 25 221 1 

Many equipment 146 9 37 2 173 9 78 1 48 1 84 1 567 2 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 74 4 145 9 93 5 628 9 185 3 1,247 8 2,371 7 

Plant equipment 172 10 274 17 216 11 893 12 623 12 1,857 11 4,036 12 

Pump 6 54 3 57 3 23 55 195 1 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 53 3 92 6 114 6 410 6 186 3 919 6 1,772 5 

Shuttle car-locomotive 32 2 8 191 3 41 1 779 5 1,050 3 

Truck (haulage) 78 5 97 6 135 7 498 7 634 12 858 5 2,299 7 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 48 3 22 1 25 1 111 2 146 3 727 4 1,080 3 

Welding machine-lathe 77 5 24 2 89 4 174 2 237 4 1,031 6 1,632 5 

None 355 21 309 20 362 18 1,704 24 997 19 2,485 15 6,212 18 

Not elsewhere classified 42 3 13 1 83 4 6 10 140 1 294 1 

Unspecified 9 57 1 108 1 174 1 

Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 100 7,168 100 5,343 100 16,335 100 34,054 100 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
3 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



16 



Table E-3.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: work location at mine, by employment size class 1 

... . . " Tl9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 

Work location — 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Underground mine 397 22 102 6 582 28 1,801 23 320 6 1,778 10 4,980 14 

Surface at underground mine 291 16 11 1 68 3 523 7 144 3 719 4 1,756 5 

Surface mine 568 32 482 28 525 25 1,873 24 2,974 53 4,570 27 10,992 31 

Plant or mill 361 20 902 53 780 37 2,593 34 1,703 30 8,787 51 15,126 42 

Office 154 9 198 12 147 7 926 12 449 8 1,213 7 3,087 9 

Total 1,771 100 1,695 100 2,101 100 7,715 100 5,590 100 17,068 100 35,940 100 

1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-4. — Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 2 

~ ! V19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500 -r Total 

Experience, yr 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

At present job: 

0< to <1 599 36 656 42 564 28 1,984 28 1,043 20 1,770 11 6,616 19 

1< to <2 225 14 188 12 248 13 883 12 577 11 1,543 9 3,665 11 

2< to «3 199 12 121 8 296 15 742 10 394 7 1,013 6 2,764 8 

3< to <5 162 10 111 7 222 11 1,028 14 415 8 1,411 9 3,349 10 

5<tO«10 202 12 212 14 283 14 1,627 23 1,531 29 4,368 27 8,223 24 

10<to<20 148 9 115 7 204 10 841 12 583 11 4,601 28 6,492 19 

20< 50 3 47 3 26 1 63 1 401 8 1,530 9 2,117 6 

Unspecified 68 4 120 8 141 7 400 7 100 1 828 2 

Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 100 7,168 100 5,343 100 16,335 100 34,054 TOO 

Median yr . . 2 NAp 2 NAp 3 NAp 3 NAp 6 NAp 8 NAp 6 NAp 

At present company: 

0<tO«1 503 30 568 36 333 17 1,137 16 436 8 1,334 8 4,312 13 

1<to<5 664 40 558 36 587 30 1,960 27 1,430 27 717 4 5,915 17 

5<to<10 160 10 285 18 396 20 2,117 30 1,364 26 3,391 21 7,713 23 

10< to «15 59 4 70 4 269 14 670 9 716 13 3,783 23 5.568 16 

15< to <20 70 4 37 2 164 8 837 12 406 8 3,550 22 5,064 15 

20< to <25 13 1 15 1 109 6 254 4 412 8 1,385 8 2,188 6 

25< to <30 22 1 24 2 37 2 102 1 235 4 1 ,062 7 1 ,482 4 

30< 25 1 4 75 4 90 1 345 6 1 ,013 6 1 .552 5 

Unspecified 137 8 10 1 12 1 100 1 260 1 

Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 100 7,168 100 5,343 100 16,335 100 34,054 100 

Median yr . . 2 NAp 3 NAp 6 NAp 6 NAp 9 NAp 13 NAp 10 NAp 

Total mining: 

0< to <1 264 16 278 18 128 6 596 8 181 3 77 1.524 4 

1< to <5 276 17 362 23 424 21 1,395 19 743 14 630 4 3,830 11 

5<to«10 279 17 304 19 422 21 2,021 28 1,115 21 2,999 18 7,141 21 

10<to«15 160 10 178 11 323 16 903 13 675 13 4,175 26 6.413 19 

15< to <20 177 11 82 5 251 13 1,017 14 368 7 3,856 24 5,751 17 

20<to<25 89 5 78 5 115 6 476 7 328 6 1,654 10 2,740 8 

25< to <30 69 4 50 3 84 4 149 2 305 6 1 ,083 7 1 ,740 5 

30< 135 8 28 2 89 4 162 2 385 7 1 .085 7 1 .883 6 

Unspecified 204 12 212 14 149 8 448 6 1,243 23 775 5 3.032 9 

Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 100 7,168 100 5.343 100 16.335 i~00 34,054 TOO 

Median yr 9 NAp 6 NAp 10 NAp 9 NAp 11 NAp 15 NAp 12 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence. MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 



NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



17 



Table E-5.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 training received, by employment size class 2 

~ Tl9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500 ~ Total 

9 y ' Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

156 9 17 1 28 1 481 7 97 2 889 5 1,667 5 

1-8 227 14 23 1 105 5 358 5 179 3 335 2 1,227 4 

9-15 57 3 66 3 86 1 41 1 881 5 1,132 3 

16 325 20 338 22 764 39 1,322 18 345 6 1,951 12 5,046 15 

17-40 355 21 473 30 475 24 1,862 26 1,504 28 6,866 42 11,535 34 

41-80 185 11 383 24 223 11 644 9 386 7 870 5 2,691 8 

81-160 138 8 32 2 108 5 135 2 234 4 277 2 924 3 

161 + 91 5 11 1 15 1 261 4 357 7 1,300 8 2,035 6 

Unspecified 120 7 295 19 198 10 2,019 28 2,200 41 2,966 18 7,798 23 

Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 TOO 7,168 100 5,343 100 16,335 100 34,054 100 

Mean job training h.. 42 NAp 42 NAp 35 NAp 34 NAp 73 NAp 41 NAp 43 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-6.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age distribution, by employment size class 2 

1 to 19 20 to 49 50 to 99 100 to 249 250 to 499 500+ Total 

Age, yr 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

15-20 58 4 31 2 35 2 97 1 46 1 50 317 1 

21-23 105 6 77 5 28 1 305 4 170 3 25 711 2 

24-26 141 9 142 9 106 5 591 8 249 5 205 1 1 ,433 4 

27-29 147 9 96 6 149 8 718 10 491 9 909 6 2,511 7 

30-34 197 12 356 23 388 20 1,192 17 1,081 20 2,350 14 5,564 16 

35-39 190 11 228 15 284 14 1,138 16 930 17 3,401 21 6,171 18 

40-49 336 20 387 25 491 25 1 ,841 26 1 ,204 23 5,299 32 9,559 28 

50+ 448 27 245 16 414 21 1,107 15 1,172 22 4,096 25 7,482 22 

Unspecified 31 2 10 1 88 4 179 2 308 1 

Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 100 7,168 100 5,343 100 16,335 10C) 34,054 100 

Mean age yr. . . 40 NAp 38 NAp 40 NAp 38 NAp 40 NAp 42 NAp 41 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 

statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-7.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 sex, race, and education, by employment size class 2 

1-19 20-49- 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ total 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Sex: 

Male 1,508 91 1,499 95 1,921 97 6,841 95 5,115 96 15,853 97 32,735 96 

Female 70 4 68 4 62 3 296 4 229 4 457 3 1,182 3 

Unspecified 75 5 5 31 25 136 

Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 100 7,168 100 5,343 100 16,335 100 34, 054 100 

White 1,468 89 1,077 69 1,798 91 5,819 81 4,717 88 13,919 85 28,798 85 

Black 6 200 13 30 1 42 1 106 2 410 3 793 2 

Hispanic 105 6 162 10 124 6 993 14 357 7 1,729 11 3,469 10 

Other 70 4 20 1 12 1 194 3 148 3 227 1 671 2 

Unspecified 6 112 7 20 1 120 2 16 50 324 1 

Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 100 7,168 100 5,343 100 16,335 10() 34,054 100 

Education level: 

Some elementary 68 4 24 2 150 8 367 5 176 3 898 5 1,682 5 

Some high school 172 10 163 10 197 10 824 12 509 10 1,784 11 3,650 11 

High school diploma 705 43 580 37 870 44 3,088 43 2,556 48 7,935 49 15,733 46 

Vocational diploma 150 9 166 11 190 10 830 12 601 11 1,305 8 3,243 10 

Some college 261 16 231 15 257 13 1,145 16 935 18 2,596 16 5,425 16 

College degree 241 15 190 12 200 10 837 12 538 10 1,072 7 3,079 9 

Unspecified 56 3 217 14 119 6 77 1 28 1 745 5 1,242 4 

Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 100 7,168 100 5,343 100 16,335 100 34,054 100 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



18 



Table E-8.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by principal equipment operated 1 , number of workers 



Job title grouping 2 



Backhoe 
crane 

dragline 
shovel 



Belt 



Dozer 
heavy 
and 
mobile 
equip- 
ment 



Drill 
(under- 
ground) 
rock 
bolter 



Drill 
(surface) 



Explo- 
sives 



Front-end 
loader 
forklift 



Grader 
scraper 



Handtools 
(powered 

and 

non- 
powered) 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 528 

Beltman-belt repairman 

Blaster 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator . . 8 

Driller-rock bolter 7 

Electrician-lampman 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 

Grader-scraper operator 

Laborer-miner-utility man 11 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 6 

Maintenance 

Working 9 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 75 

Mine technical support 

Office worker 

Plant operator-warehouseman 7 

Shuttle car-tram operator 

Truck driver 

Total 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator .... 

Beltman-belt repairman 

Blaster 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 

Driller-rock bolter 

Electrician-lampman 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 

Grader-scraper operator 

Laborer-miner-utility man 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 

Maintenance 

Working 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 

Mine technical support 

Office worker 

Plant operator-warehouseman 

Shuttle car-tram operator 

Truck driver 

Total 221 

See explanatory notes at end of table. 




127 

























920 




6 

6 


16 




14 











684 




111 



3 



25 










314 








14 










175 























7 
39 



629 


104 

14 





210 













195 




















16 

1,663 





58 


4 

28 
6,044 

25 


50 





650 


127 


961 


823 


328 


175 


1,003 


195 


7,888 


Hoist 
elevator 


Many 
equip- 
ment 


Miscel- 
laneous 
utility 
equip- 
ment 


Plant 
equip- 
ment 


Pump 


Scale-lab 
equip- 
ment 

controls 


Shuttle 
car 
loco- 
motive 


Stone 
cutting 
finishing 
machine 


Truck 
(haulage) 




























































































6 




















16 

















57 





8 











































































































42 


475 


2,371 


35 


75 





164 


31 


451 





54 





23 





71 





7 


52 


























35 





22 





21 











8 


281 











40 

















147 








40 


6 


1,552 


25 


12 


220 





























25 








3,747 


114 


149 


50 





41 











123 








811 





























2,184 






567 



2,371 



4,036 



195 



1,772 



1,050 



2.299 



1,080 



19 



Table E-8.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by principal equipment operated, 1 number of workers— Con. 



Job title grouping 2 



Welding machine 
lathe 



None 



Not elsewhere 
classified 



Unspecified 



Total 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 29 

Beltman-belt repairman 

Blaster 14 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 

Driller-rock bolter 

Electrician-lampman 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 

Grader-scraper operator 

Laborer-miner-utility man 1 55 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 1 ,325 

Maintenance 498 

Working 1 ,486 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1 ,632 

Mine technical support 1 ,988 

Office worker 1 ,886 

Plant operator-warehouseman 684 

Shuttle car-tram operator 33 

Truck driver 

Total ~ 1 ,632 8,098 ~ 

1 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 












134 







53 

15 



92 







294 












61 






47 


67 





174 



557 

127 

189 

12 

1,040 

1,029 

1,663 

629 

195 

4,284 

1,558 
537 
1,874 
7,857 
4,076 
1,886 
5,275 
968 
2,184 



35,940 



Table E-9.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by work location at mine, number of workers 



Surfsc© 3t 
Job title groupingi Underground underground Surface mine 
mine mine 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 440 

Beltman-belt repairman 32 

Blaster 39 150 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 7 6 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 32 107 704 

Driller-rock bolter 791 20 210 

Electrician-lampman 92 133 439 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 102 13 291 

Grader-scraper operator 27 168 

Laborer-miner-utility man 1 ,414 124 1 ,362 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 297 66 529 

Maintenance 36 69 104 

Working 276 26 672 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 580 551 2,970 

Mine technical support 278 460 719 

Office worker 

Plant operator-warehouseman 91 92 271 

Shuttle car-tram operator 806 71 

Truck driver 120 58 1 ,885 

Total 4,980 1 ,756 10,992 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Plant or mil 



Office 



Total 



117 





557 


95 





127 








189 








12 


196 





1,040 


9 





1,029 


999 





1,663 


223 





629 








195 


1,384 





4,284 


538 


128 


1,558 


309 


19 


537 


895 


6 


1,874 


3,756 





7,857 


1,747 


873 


4,076 





1,886 


1,886 


4,646 


175 


5,275 


90 





968 


122 





2,184 



15,126 



3,087 



35,940 



20 



Table E-10.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at job 



J°b title groupings toll to<2 io% Xo% 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 74 26 63 15 

Beltman-belt repairman 72 

Blaster 41 61 6 25 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 6 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 232 45 134 95 

Driller-rock bolter 185 148 72 202 

Electrician-lampman 169 40 56 81 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 115 87 45 71 

Grader-scraper operator 18 30 10 6 

Laborer-miner-utility man 1 ,390 553 473 328 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 352 152 160 253 

Maintenance 38 31 69 48 

Working 237 130 172 230 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 862 643 419 612 

Mine technical support 815 617 377 510 

Office worker 356 227 185 253 

Plant operator-warehouseman 1,429 596 412 603 

Shuttle car-tram operator 156 179 63 122 

Truck driver 431 327 230 149 

Total ~6,972 3,892 2,948 3,602 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



5< 

to«10 



10< 
to «20 



20< 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Median, 



156 


163 


55 


6 


557 


9 


25 


30 








127 


1 


33 


23 








189 


2 


7 











12 


8 


235 


128 


101 


69 


1,040 


5 


201 


163 


10 


48 


1,029 


5 


563 


686 


61 


6 


1,663 


10 


205 


94 


1 


11 


629 


5 


94 


38 








195 


7 


773 


645 


65 


58 


4,284 


3 


318 


91 


124 


109 


1,558 


4 


208 


98 


2 


44 


537 


7 


715 


243 


84 


63 


1,874 


6 


1,883 


2,385 


914 


137 


7,857 


9 


1,066 


396 


243 


53 


4,076 


4 


459 


285 


60 


62 


1,886 


5 


967 


904 


267 


98 


5,275 


4 


345 


62 


41 





968 


5 


429 


344 


149 


126 


2,184 


4 



8,682 



6,777 



2,177 



891 



35.940 



Table E-11.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at company 



J°° title grouping' ,o°^ to<5 toOO to OS tola) 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 51 41 84 166 72 

Beltman-belt repairman 32 40 25 30 

Blaster 16 39 28 38 6 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 6 7 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 106 223 181 139 187 

Driller-rock bolter 168 260 268 156 116 

Electrician-lampman 81 1 30 420 41 1 337 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 80 177 123 100 119 

Grader-scraper operator 18 19 37 77 7 

Laborer-miner-utility man 917 670 991 862 412 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 170 441 398 148 132 

Maintenance 39 117 172 40 85 

Working 125 185 467 251 307 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 638 1,075 1,661 1,321 1,526 

Mine technical support 561 813 970 736 455 

Office worker 289 336 551 363 179 

Plant operator-warehouseman 739 1,110 1,156 747 779 

Shuttle car-tram operator 21 1 102 343 100 67 

Truck driver 361 506 376 251 421 

Total 4,601 6,251 8,264 5,931 5.244 

'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



20< 
to <25 



25< 

to <30 



30< 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Median, 



60 


30 


53 





557 


12 














127 


10 


49 





14 





189 


13 














12 


18 


111 


30 


50 


12 


1,040 


11 


20 


14 


21 


8 


1,029 


6 


134 


121 


24 


6 


1,663 


12 


22 


8 








629 


6 





18 


20 





195 


13 


159 


161 


90 


21 


4,284 


8 


121 


55 


24 


70 


1.558 


6 


38 


15 





30 


537 


9 


190 


129 


197 


25 


1,874 


12 


593 


441 


577 


25 


7,857 


12 


235 


164 


102 


39 


4,076 


8 


67 


31 


59 


12 


1,886 


8 


268 


207 


251 


18 


5,275 


9 


67 


44 


34 





968 


8 


122 


45 


96 


6 


2,184 


7 



2,255 1,513 1,610 



272 



35.940 



10 



Table E-1 2. —Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of mining experience 



21 



J°b title grouping' , °<1 to<5 to<10 to OS to So 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 37 20 58 183 72 

Beltman-belt repairman 40 25 62 

Blaster 16 28 20 38 14 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 7 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator . . 98 121 203 120 174 

Driller-rock bolter 22 146 224 224 250 

Electrician-lampman 45 113 392 414 331 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 34 105 133 111 140 

Grader-scraper operator 21 37 87 7 

Laborer-miner-utility man 374 477 1 ,050 1 ,018 532 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 45 188 334 276 204 

Maintenance 40 138 44 102 

Working 10 73 282 293 382 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 197 822 1,541 1,320 1,644 

Mine technical support 233 460 866 834 484 

Office worker 133 214 535 274 227 

Plant operator-warehouseman 284 775 1,166 923 868 

Shuttle car-tram operator 6 84 327 271 80 

Truck driver 123 359 331 233 399 

Total 1,658 4,045 7,676 6,687 5,978 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



20< 
to <25 



25< 

to <30 



30< 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Median, 
V 



60 


30 


58 


39 


557 


13 














127 


13 


24 





14 


37 


189 


13 











6 


12 


18 


97 


36 


50 


140 


1,040 


12 


26 


28 


24 


86 


1,029 


12 


117 


93 


78 


81 


1,663 


13 


35 


8 


11 


51 


629 


11 





18 


20 


6 


195 


13 


318 


208 


147 


161 


4,284 


11 


177 


87 


79 


169 


1,558 


12 


43 


69 


20 


81 


537 


16 


225 


113 


196 


300 


1,874 


18 


678 


448 


577 


631 


7,857 


14 


267 


210 


223 


500 


4,076 


12 


147 


45 


77 


232 


1,886 


10 


411 


299 


241 


309 


5,275 


12 


115 


51 


34 





968 


11 


147 


45 


111 


437 


2,184 


12 



2,887 1,785 1,960 3,264 35,940 



12 



Table E-1 3.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by hours of training received in last 2 years 



Job title grouping 1 



1-8 



9-15 



16 



17-40 41-80 81-160 161 + 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 
hr 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 27 26 62 

Beltman-belt repairman 32 

Blaster 25 8 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 7 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 31 17 25 132 

Driller-rock bolter 103 6 270 

Electrician-lampman 95 59 356 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 12 24 34 105 

Grader-scraper operator 29 82 

Laborer-miner-utility man 158 173 203 805 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 84 107 124 276 

Maintenance 45 44 45 

Working 98 176 188 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 465 154 176 1,190 

Mine technical support 205 245 157 535 

Office worker 340 115 63 180 

Plant operator-warehouseman 153 96 347 440 

Shuttle car-tram operator 8 19 333 

Truck driver 158 52 34 212 

Total 2,007 1 ,342 1 ,195 5,226 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



126 


11 





106 


200 


557 


66 


55 











40 


127 


20 


53 


44 








59 


189 


29 








6 








12 


63 


390 


74 


10 


100 


260 


1,040 


57 


76 


165 


22 


95 


292 


1,029 


68 


487 


112 





183 


371 


1,663 


48 


202 


49 





12 


191 


629 


30 


21 


6 


3 





54 


195 


20 


1,293 


363 


150 


145 


994 


4,284 


37 


397 


85 


97 


55 


332 


1,558 


37 


141 


83 


12 





167 


537 


29 


492 


242 


164 


182 


332 


1,874 


54 


3,258 


396 


160 


532 


1,527 


7,857 


46 


1,249 


296 


143 


100 


1,146 


4,076 


33 


256 


97 


60 


35 


739 


1,886 


32 


2,337 


400 


126 


397 


980 


5,275 


45 


196 


240 





14 


157 


968 


34 


762 


125 


32 


113 


696 


2,184 


41 



1 1 ,792 2,788 



984 



2,070 



8,537 35,940 



43 



22 



Table E-1 4. —Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of age 



Job title grouping 1 



15-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 



50 + 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 

y 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 6 37 

Beltman-belt repairman 20 

Blaster 16 8 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator . . 5 50 80 

Driller-rock bolter 26 41 83 

Electrician-lampman 27 10 36 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 7 19 38 48 

Grader-scraper operator 3 9 20 

Laborer-miner-utility man 134 162 235 410 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 6 67 66 

Maintenance 8 

Working 9 6 100 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 25 91 274 498 

Mine technical support 27 124 175 435 

Office worker 14 38 36 97 

Plant operator-warehouseman 60 184 295 352 

Shuttle car-tram operator 81 148 

Truck driver 38 65 145 161 

Total 330 749 1 ,468 2,608 

''As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



100 


89 


164 


157 


4 


557 


43 





45 


62 








127 


39 


45 


14 


52 


55 





189 


42 


6 





7 








12 


39 


158 


281 


279 


177 


10 


1,040 


41 


176 


317 


250 


136 





1,029 


38 


312 


359 


430 


478 


12 


1,663 


43 


94 


67 


179 


164 


11 


629 


41 


56 


19 


72 


18 





195 


39 


880 


772 


970 


676 


45 


4,284 


38 


268 


349 


350 


409 


42 


1,558 


42 


57 


71 


221 


179 





537 


45 


285 


325 


537 


605 


7 


1,874 


44 


,084 


1,503 


2,533 


1,814 


35 


7,857 


42 


726 


632 


1,088 


835 


33 


4,076 


40 


247 


461 


607 


369 


18 


1,886 


41 


955 


787 


1,457 


1,162 


23 


5,275 


40 


82 


218 


267 


170 





968 


39 


282 


322 


639 


448 


85 


2,184 


40 



5,811 6,632 10,165 7,851 



325 



35,940 



41 



Table E-1 5.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by sex 



Male 
Job title fl™^ 1 Workers pet" 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 522 2 

Beltman-belt repairman 127 

Blaster 164 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 12 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 1,028 3 

Driller-rock bolter 1 ,029 3 

Electrician-lampman 1 ,657 5 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 573 2 

Grader-scraper operator 195 1 

Laborer-miner-utility man 4,084 12 

Manager-foreman-supervisor 

General 1 ,443 4 

Maintenance 537 2 

Working 1 ,849 6 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 7,818 23 

Mine technical support 3,549 1 1 

Office worker 807 2 

Plant operator-warehouseman 5,043 1 5 

Shuttle car-tram operator 968 3 

Truck driver 2,139 6 

Total 33,542 100 2,255 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Female 




Unspecified 


Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


30 


1 


5 


4 


557 


2 














127 





26 


1 








189 


1 














12 











12 


9 


1,040 


3 














1,029 


3 








6 


4 


1,663 


5 


45 


2 


11 


8 


629 


2 














195 


1 


194 


9 


6 


4 


4,284 


12 


94 


4 


21 


15 


1,558 


4 














537 


1 








25 


18 


1,874 


5 


20 


1 


19 


13 


7,857 


22 


503 


22 


24 


17 


4,076 


11 


1,073 


48 


6 


4 


1,886 


5 


226 


10 


6 


4 


5,275 


15 














968 


3 


45 


2 








2.184 


6 



100 



143 



100 



35 940 



100 



Table E-1 6.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by race 



23 



White Black Hispanic 
Job title 9 rou P |n g' Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 514 2 

Beltman-belt repairman 102 25 3 

Blaster 119 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 12 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 871 3 20 2 

Driller-rock bolter 857 3 

Electrician-lampman 1 ,457 5 33 4 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 572 2 10 1 

Grader-scraper operator 189 1 

Laborer-miner-utility man 3,570 12 107 13 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 1 ,321 4 36 4 

Maintenance 507 2 5 1 

Working 1 ,575 5 41 5 

Mechanic-welder-oiler- machinist 6,768 22 92 11 

Mine technical support 3,641 12 55 7 

Office worker 1 ,625 5 36 4 

Plant operator-warehouseman 4,094 13 363 44 

Shuttle car-tram operator 888 3 

Truck driver 1 ,742 6 6 1 

Total 30,423 100 829 100 3,642 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


43 


1 














557 


2 




















127 





25 


1 


45 


6 








189 


1 




















12 





94 


3 


45 


6 


10 


3 


1,040 


3 


119 


3 


53 


7 








1,029 


3 


174 


5 














1,663 


5 


27 


1 


7 


1 


13 


4 


629 


2 


7 

















195 


1 


528 


15 


56 


8 


23 


7 


4,284 


12 


88 


2 


26 


4 


87 


26 


1,558 


4 


13 





12 


2 








537 


1 


213 


6 


20 


3 


25 


7 


1,874 


5 


916 


25 


54 


8 


27 


8 


7,857 


22 


271 


7 


70 


10 


39 


12 


4,076 


11 


174 


5 


40 


6 


11 


3 


1,886 


5 


627 


17 


116 


16 


76 


23 


5,275 


15 


48 


1 


32 


5 








968 


3 


276 


8 


136 


19 


25 


7 


2,184 


6 



100 



711 



100 



335 



100 35,940 



100 



Table E-1 7.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by education 



Some Some high High school Vocational Some College UnsDecified Total 

Job title qroupinq 1 elementary school diploma diploma college degree M 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 

operator 39 7 61 11 281 50 95 17 52 9 29 5 557 2 

Beltman-belt repairman 50 39 52 41 25 20 127 

Blaster 39 21 89 47 36 19 26 13 189 1 

Deckhand-barge and dredge 

operator 7 55 6 45 12 

Dozer-heavy and mobile 

equipment operator 19 2 110 11 662 64 51 5 97 9 22 2 80 8 1,040 3 

Driller-rock bolter 141 14 133 13 555 54 42 4 128 12 30 3 1,029 3 

Electrician-lampman 47 3 109 7 492 30 513 31 348 21 66 4 89 5 1,663 5 

Front-end loader-forklift 

operator 66 11 103 16 362 58 22 3 47 8 5 1 23 4 629 2 

Grader-scraper operator 27 14 37 19 112 57 20 10 195 1 

Laborer-miner-utility man 288 7 695 16 2,202 51 407 9 514 12 100 2 79 2 4,284 12 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 44 3 51 3 464 30 61 4 392 25 499 32 47 3 1,558 4 

Maintenance 13 3 61 11 169 32 54 10 141 26 62 12 36 7 537 1 

Working 29 2 181 10 814 43 125 7 261 14 411 22 51 3 1,874 5 

Mechanic-welder-oiler- 
machinist 302 4 921 12 3,671 47 1,116 14 1,365 17 189 2 293 4 7,857 22 

Mine technical support 107 3 228 6 1,184 29 106 3 866 21 1,513 37 71 2 4,076 11 

Office worker 414 22 148 8 639 34 589 31 95 5 1,886 5 

Plant operator-warehouseman . 270 5 418 8 2,942 56 365 7 817 15 151 3 312 6 5,275 15 

Shuttle car-tram operator 166 17 92 9 506 52 97 10 75 8 19 2 13 1 968 3 

Truck driver 124 6 362 17 1,169 54 134 6 288 13 12 1 95 4 2,184 6 

Total 1,682 5 3,650 10 16,147 45 3,391 9 6,064 17 3,668 10 1,337 4 35,940 100 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



24 



Table E-1 8. —Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 

Equipment operated grouping* {Q % J< 2 J< 3 J*. Jj< ^ 2 Q< ""speci- Tota , Median, 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 56 40 69 23 181 215 61 6 650 10 

Belt 72 25 30 127 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment ... . 221 45 103 95 194 119 101 83 961 5 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 135 100 21 163 222 150 32 823 5 

Drill (surface) 42 33 58 53 94 19 10 19 328 4 

Explosives 41 61 6 25 20 23 175 2 

Front-end loader-forklift 232 165 100 113 263 101 1 28 1,003 3 

Grader-scraper 18 30 10 6 94 38 195 7 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 923 625 451 678 1,948 2,500 638 125 7,888 9 

Hoist-elevator 13 14 22 71 75 14 9 3 221 5 

Many equipment 202 111 127 43 9 70 6 567 2 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 844 348 165 144 353 425 65 26 2,371 2 

Plant equipment 1,091 449 353 518 767 579 214 64 4,036 4 

Pump 81 39 6 24 21 25 195 2 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 411 307 146 107 466 214 105 16 1,772 4 

Shuttle car-locomotive 278 164 78 114 313 62 41 1,050 4 

Truck (haulage) 444 329 235 156 486 369 149 131 2,299 5 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 100 57 123 168 336 274 14 10 1,080 6 

Welding machine-lathe 141 77 27 16 487 528 337 19 1,632 11 

None 1 ,204 629 590 744 1 ,781 674 343 247 6,212 5 

Not elsewhere classified 49 10 61 65 43 48 4 15 294 4 

Unspecified 16 32 15 25 47 40 174 5 

Total 6,616 3,665 2,764 3,349 8,223 6,492 2,117 828 34,054 6 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-1 9. — Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 years 



Equipment operated grouping 2 



1-8 



9-15 



16 



17-40 



41-80 81-160 



161 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 
h 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 27 11 81 

Belt 32 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment ... . 31 17 25 113 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 88 6 222 

Drill (surface) 15 7 43 

Explosives 25 8 

Front-end loader-forklift 12 24 69 121 

Grader-scraper 29 82 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 415 166 99 1,183 

Hoist-elevator 50 6 85 

Many equipment 6 81 281 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 80 93 182 309 

Plant equipment 61 66 194 376 

Pump 12 9 30 33 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 125 91 120 174 

Shuttle car-locomotive 8 19 284 

Truck (haulage) 158 52 34 226 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 83 166 259 

Welding machine-lathe 145 47 70 322 

None 325 349 223 773 

Not elsewhere classified 32 70 

Unspecified 9 

Total 1,667 1,227 1.132 5,046 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



189 


28 





108 


205 


650 


61 


55 











40 


127 


20 


402 


74 





50 


250 


961 


40 


131 


40 


16 


70 


249 


823 


66 


53 


109 


6 


25 


71 


328 


56 


39 


44 








59 


175 


30 


318 


68 


28 


77 


286 


1,003 


53 


21 


6 


3 





54 


195 


20 


3,085 


470 


126 


648 


1,696 


7,888 


50 


52 


13 








15 


221 


17 


34 


25 


44 


54 


41 


567 


51 


866 


184 


34 


74 


549 


2,371 


34 


1,782 


333 


120 


337 


766 


4,036 


49 


94 


18 











195 


23 


685 


115 


30 


25 


407 


1,772 


26 


246 


207 


33 


14 


239 


1,050 


36 


807 


131 


42 


113 


736 


2,299 


41 


184 


90 


28 


200 


69 


1,080 


55 


587 


93 


33 


92 


242 


1.632 


35 


1,740 


542 


366 


146 


1,748 


6,212 


37 


92 


45 


15 





41 


294 


29 


75 


56 








34 


174 


32 



11.535 



2,691 



924 



2.035 



7.798 34.054 



43 



25 



Table E-20.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of age 



Equipment operated grouping 2 



15-20 



21-23 



24-26 



27-29 



30-34 



35-39 



40-49 



50+ Un ^ d eCi " Total 



Mean, 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 6 9 49 

Belt 20 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment .... 11 45 80 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 23 35 33 

Drill (surface) 3 6 42 

Explosives 16 8 

Front-end loader-forklift 7 33 84 92 

Grader-scraper 3 9 20 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 25 119 287 507 

Hoist-elevator 8 21 

Many equipment 13 20 13 49 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 103 99 138 191 

Plant equipment 62 166 237 262 

Pump 18 30 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 27 90 75 215 

Shuttle car-locomotive 48 1 82 

Truck (haulage) 38 65 150 161 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 6 16 6 61 

Welding machine-lathe 5 11 35 

None 6 56 220 415 

Not elsewhere classified 5 5 28 6 

Unspecified 3 7 33 

Total 317 71 1 1 ,433 2,5lT" 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



112 


114 


166 


190 


4 


650 


43 





45 


62 








127 


39 


141 


234 


266 


175 


10 


961 


41 


171 


216 


237 


109 





823 


38 


52 


100 


74 


51 





328 


39 


45 


14 


38 


55 





175 


42 


174 


122 


273 


208 


11 


1,003 


39 


56 


19 


72 


18 





195 


39 


1,187 


1,634 


2,342 


1,748 


41 


7,888 


41 


15 


15 


89 


73 





221 


45 


87 


118 


110 


156 





567 


41 


495 


427 


494 


381 


45 


2,371 


37 


858 


657 


962 


814 


18 


4,036 


39 


27 


33 


60 


28 





195 


39 


296 


249 


571 


244 


6 


1,772 


38 


68 


263 


294 


195 





1,050 


39 


295 


369 


677 


458 


87 


2,299 


40 


177 


123 


353 


339 





1,080 


44 


240 


199 


633 


503 


6 


1,632 


44 


1,028 


1,146 


1,655 


1,612 


74 


6,212 


42 


24 


76 


78 


72 





294 


41 


18 





53 


54 


6 


174 


41 



5,564 



6,171 



9,559 7,482 



308 



34,054 



41 



Table E-21 .—Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by sex 

. Male Female Unspecified 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 615 2 30 3 5 4 

Belt 127 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment .... 949 3 12 9 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 823 3 

Drill (surface) 328 1 

Explosives 150 26 2 

Front-end loader-forklift 901 3 91 8 11 8 

Grader-scraper 195 1 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 7,843 24 20 2 25 19 

Hoist-elevator 202 1 12 1 6 5 

Many equipment 567 2 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 2,215 7 150 13 6 5 

Plant equipment 3,890 12 139 12 6 5 

Pump 189 1 6 1 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 1 ,459 4 31 3 26 

Shuttle car-locomotive 1 ,050 3 

Truck (haulage) 2,254 7 45 4 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 1 ,044 3 37 3 

Welding machine-lathe 1 ,632 5 

None 5,842 18 306 26 64 47 

Not elsewhere classified 288 1 6 

Unspecified 171 1 3 

Total 32,735 100 1,182 100 136 100 34,054 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


650 


2 


127 





961 


3 


823 


2 


328 


1 


175 


1 


1,003 


3 


195 


1 


7,888 


23 


221 


1 


567 


2 


2,371 


7 


4,036 


12 


195 


1 


1,772 


5 


1,050 


3 


2,299 


7 


1,080 


3 


1,632 


5 


6,212 


18 


294 


1 


174 


1 



100 



26 



Table E-22.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by race 



White Black 

Equipment operated grouping* Wprkers ^ Workefs pc{ 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 603 2 

Belt 102 25 3 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment .... 801 3 20 3 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 616 2 25 3 

Drill (surface) 313 1 

Explosives 106 

Front-end loader-forklift 863 3 77 10 

Grader-scraper 189 1 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 6,676 23 125 16 

Hoist-elevator 139 25 3 

Many equipment 545 2 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 1,919 7 76 10 

Plant equipment 3,345 12 167 21 

Pump 107 25 3 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 1 ,502 5 3 

Shuttle car-locomotive 920 3 25 3 

Truck (haulage) 1,803 6 6 1 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 842 3 20 2 

Welding machine-lathe 1 ,527 5 

None 5,516 19 150 19 

Not elsewhere classified 261 1 25 3 

Unspecified 103 

Total 28,798 100 793 100 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Hispanic 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


46 


1 














650 


2 




















127 





80 


2 


50 


8 


10 


3 


961 


3 


129 


4 


53 


8 








823 


2 


15 

















328 


1 


25 


1 


45 


7 








175 


1 


43 


1 


7 


1 


13 


4 


1,003 


3 


7 

















195 


1 


1,016 


29 


44 


7 


27 


8 


7,888 


23 


56 


2 














221 


1 


14 





1 





6 


2 


567 


2 


352 


10 


7 


1 


17 


5 


2,371 


7 


353 


10 


95 


14 


76 


24 


4,036 


12 


63 


2 














195 


1 


201 


6 


33 


5 


33 


10 


1,772 


5 


73 


2 


32 


5 








1,050 


3 


330 


10 


136 


20 


25 


8 


2,299 


7 


153 


4 


66 


10 








1,080 


3 


90 


3 


15 


2 








1,632 


5 


367 


11 


62 


9 


118 


36 


6,212 


18 


6 





3 











294 


1 


50 


1 


22 


3 








174 


1 



3,469 



100 



671 



100 



324 



100 



34,054 



100 



Table E-23.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by education 

Some Some high High school Vocational Some College iinctnarifiBrt Tntai 

Equipment operated elementary school diploma diploma college degree u "^ "^ 

grouping 2 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel.. 39 6 75 12 374 58 72 11 61 9 29 4 650 2 

Belt 50 39 52 41 25 20 127 

Dozer-heavy and mobile 

equipment 6 1 115 12 596 62 51 5 108 11 6 1 80 8 961 3 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter . . 133 16 91 11 457 56 34 4 78 9 30 4 823 2 

Drill (surface) 7 2 49 15 222 68 51 15 328 1 

Explosives 39 22 75 43 36 20 26 15 175 1 

Front-end loader-forklift 66 7 124 12 635 63 28 3 99 10 21 2 30 3 1,003 3 

Grader-scraper 27 14 37 19 112 57 20 10 195 1 

Handtools (powered and 

nonpowered) 262 3 848 11 3,296 42 1,411 18 1,512 19 177. 2 382 5 7,888 23 

Hoist-elevator 37 17 41 - 19 80 36 33 15 15 7 8 3 6 3 221 1 

Many equipment 8 1 33 6 354 62 38 7 64 1 1 45 8 25 4 567 2 

Miscellaneous utility equipment . 179 8 427 18 1,174 50 194 8 288 12 56 2 54 2 2,371 

Plant equipment 284 7 319 8 2,159 53 304 8 600 15 137 3 234 6 4.036 12 

Pump 42 21 82 42 21 11 30 15 12 6 9 5 195 1 

Scale-lab equipment-controls .. . 8 112 6 760 43 62 3 452 26 341 19 37 2 1,772 5 

Shuttle car-locomotive 127 12 86 8 609 58 97 9 100 10 19 2 13 1 1,050 3 

Truck (haulage) 137 6 370 16 1,247 54 134 6 296 13 18 1 97 4 2,299 7 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier . . 53 5 86 8 597 55 96 9 139 13 108 10 1,080 3 

Welding machine-lathe 72 4 168 10 858 53 191 12 251 15 93 6 1,632 5 

None 216 3 436 7 1,769 28 382 6 1,214 20 1,998 32 198 3 6.212 18 

Not elsewhere classified 23 8 53 18 110 38 39 13 39 13 6 2 25 8 294 1 

Unspecified 50 29 116 66 3 2 6 3 174 1 

Total 1,682 5 3,650 11 15.733 46 3,243 10 5,425 16 3.079 9 1.242 4 34.054 100 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



27 



Table E-24.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job, company, and mining experience, by work location 

Underground mine Surface at Surface mine Plant or mill Office Total 

Experience, yr underground mine 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

At present job: 

0<tO«1 1,115 22 265 15 2,155 20 2,831 19 606 20 6,972 19 

1<to«2 618 12 249 14 1,157 11 1,408 9 460 15 3,892 11 

2<tO<3 603 12 142 8 1,054 10 908 6 241 8 2,948 8 

3<tO<5 812 16 269 15 814 7 1,267 8 440 14 3,602 10 

5<tO<10 1,144 23 415 24 2,747 25 3,560 24 816 26 8,682 24 

10<tO<20 612 12 357 20 1,900 17 3,563 24 345 11 6,777 19 

20< 12 22 1 696 6 1,335 9 112 4 2,177 6 

Unspecified 64 1 38 2 468 4 253 2 67 2 891 2 

Total 4,980 TfJO 1,756 100 10,992 100 15,126 100 3,087 100 35,940 100 

Median yr. . 4 NAp 5 NAp 6 NAp 7 NAp 5 NAp 6 NAp 

At present company: 

CKtO<1 1,024 21 426 24 1,364 12 1,365 9 422 14 4,601 13 

1< to <5 1,020 20 367 21 2,242 20 2,051 14 571 18 6,251 17 

5<to<10 1,595 32 323 18 2,004 18 3,293 22 1,049 34 8,264 23 

10<tO<15 630 13 206 12 1,944 18 2,639 17 512 17 5,931 17 

15<tO<20 384 8 221 13 1,586 14 2,767 18 285 9 5,244 15 

2CK to <25 202 4 49 3 672 6 1 ,234 8 98 3 2,255 6 

25<tO<30 51 1 93 5 433 4 885 6 51 2 1,513 4 

30< 46 1 28 2 665 6 785 5 86 3 1,610 4 

Unspecified 27 1 44 3 82 1 106 1 12 272 1 

Total 4,980 100 1,756 100 10,992 100 15,126 100 3,087 100 35,940 100 

Median yr. 7 NAp 7 NAp 10 NAp 12 NAp 8 NAp 10 NAp 

Total mining: 

(Kto<1 192 4 50 3 625 6 594 4 197 6 1,658 5 

1<to<5 510 10 229 13 1,548 14 1,375 9 382 12 4,045 11 

5<tO<10 1,506 30 283 16 1,690 15 3,295 22 902 29 7,676 21 

10<to«15 1,119 22 267 15 2,015 18 2,909 19 378 12 6,687 19 

15<to«20 788 16 352 20 1,544 14 2,926 19 367 12 5,978 17 

20<to<25 483 10 149 8 682 6 1,380 9 193 6 2,887 8 

25<to<30 136 3 205 12 415 4 962 6 68 2 1,785 5 

3(K 134 3 164 9 665 6 900 6 97 3 1,960 5 

Unspecified 112 2 58 3 1,808 16 784 5 503 16 3,264 9 

Total 4,980 TOO 1,756 100 10,992 100 15,126 100 3,087 100 35,940 100 

Median yr. . 11 NAp 16 NAp 12 NAp 13 NAp 10 NAp 12 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-25.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: training received, by work location 

Job training for Underground mine undfrgSund^ine Surface mine Plant or mill Office 

' ' Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

175 4 156 9 819 7 393 3 463 15 

1-8 250 5 63 4 429 4 357 2 243 8 

9-15 7 191 11 133 1 787 5 77 2 

16 1,755 35 437 25 1,206 11 1,471 10 357 12 

17-40 767 15 132 8 3,460 31 6,928 46 504 16 

41-80 582 12 287 16 700 6 1,013 7 206 7 

81-160 171 3 100 6 415 4 208 1 90 3 

161 + 289 6 70 4 885 8 790 5 35 1 

Unspecified 983 20 318 18 2,945 27 3,177 21 1,112 36 

Total 4,980 100 1,756 100 10,992 100 15,126 100 3,087 T00~ 

Mean training . . h . . 46 NAp 51 NAp 50 NAp 38 NAp 28 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Total 



Workers pet 



2,007 
1,342 
1,195 
5,226 
1 1 ,792 
2,788 
984 
2,070 
8,537 



6 

4 

3 

15 

33 

8 

3 

6 

24 



35,940 100 
43 NAp 



/ 



28 



Table E-26.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: age distribution, by work location 

Underground mine Surface at Surface mine Plant or mill Office 

^ ae vr underground mine 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

15-20 52 1 13 1 122 1 130 1 14 

21-23 51 1 29 2 291 3 320 2 59 2 

24-26 264 5 51 3 557 5 516 3 81 3 

27-29 661 13 108 6 773 7 855 6 210 7 

30-34 960 19 153 9 1,992 18 2,226 15 479 16 

35-39 1,027 21 232 13 1,932 18 2,740 18 701 23 

40-49 1,183 24 597 34 2,823 26 4,614 31 947 31 

50+ 759 15 574 33 2,323 21 3,647 24 548 18 

Unspecified 22 179 2 77 1 47 2 

Total 4,980 100 1,756 100 10,992 100 15,126 100 3,087 Too" 

Mean age yr . . 38 NAp 44 NAp 40 NAp 42 NAp 41 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Total 



Workers pet 



330 

749 

1,468 

2,608 

5,811 

6,632 

10,165 

7,851 

325 



1 

2 

4 

7 

16 

18 

28 

22 

1 



35,940 100 
41 NAp 



Table E-27.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: sex, race, and education, by work location 



Underground mine 

Workers pet 

Sex - 

Male 4,917 99 

Female 38 1 

Unspecified 24 

Total 4,980 Too" 

Race: 

White 4,474 90 

Black 5 

Hispanic 330 7 

Other 146 3 

Unspecified 24 

Total 4,980 T00~ 

Education level: 

Some elementary .... 596 12 

Some high school ... . 633 13 

High school diploma. . 2,375 48 

Vocational diploma . . . 434 9 

Some college 479 10 

College degree 411 8 

Unspecified 52 1 

Total 4,980 100~ 



Surface at 
underground mine 



Workers 



pet 



Surface mine 
Workers pet 



Plant or mill 
Workers pet 



Office 



Workers pet 



Total 



Workers pet 



1,656 
55 
44 



94 
3 
3 



10,604 

371 

17 



96 
3 




14,566 

509 

51 



96 
3 




1,798 

1,282 

6 



58 

42 





1,756 



100 



10,992 100 



15,126 100 



3,087 100 



1,595 

8 

119 

34 





91 


7 
2 




9,337 
43 

1,218 

299 

95 



85 


11 
3 
1 



12,370 

735 

1,650 

188 

183 



82 
5 

11 
1 
1 



2,647 

38 

324 

43 

34 



86 
1 

10 
1 
1 



1,756 



100 



10,992 100 



15,126 100 



3,087 100 



138 
194 
826 
195 
245 
132 
26 



8 
11 

47 

11 

14 

8 

1 



432 
1,372 
5,466 
1,055 
1,677 
830 
162 



4 
12 
50 
10 
15 
8 
1 



510 
1,398 
6,846 
1.495 
2,632 
1,246 

997 



3 

9 

45 

10 

17 

8 

7 



6 

54 

634 

213 

1,031 

1,049 

100 





2 
21 

7 
33 
34 

3 



1,756 



100 



10,992 100 



15,126 100 



3,087 100 



33,542 

2,255 

143 



30,423 

829 

3,642 

711 

335 



1,682 
3,650 
16,147 
3.391 
6,064 
3.668 
1,337 



93 
6 




35,940 100 



85 
2 

10 
2 

1 



35.940 100 



5 
10 
45 

9 
17 
10 

4 



35,940 100 



NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not equal to totals shown. 






29 



Table E-28.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, 

Experience at ^g g . 15 16 17 . 40 41 . 80 
present job, yr 

<K to CI: 

Workers 212 496 291 553 2,516 577 

pet 3 7 4 8 38 9 

1< to <2: 

Workers 282 28 66 686 997 498 

pet 8 1 2 19 27 14 

2< to <3: 

Workers 159 44 74 530 387 327 

pet 6 2 3 19 14 12 

3< to <5: 

Workers 236 100 78 523 1,187 331 

pet 7 3 2 16 35 10 

5< to <10: 

Workers 430 346 232 1,114 2,550 688 

pet 5 4 3 14 31 8 

10< to <20: 

Workers 316 129 239 1,100 2,644 229 

pet 5 2 4 17 41 4 

20<: 

Workers 10 60 122 408 1,171 36 

pet 3 6 19 55 2 

Unspecified: 

Workers 23 25 30 131 85 5 

pet __3 3 4 16 10 1 

Total: 

Workers 1,667 1,227 1,132 5,045 11,535 2,691 

pet 5 4 3 15 34 8 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



by hours of training received in last 2 years 



81-160 



161 + 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 
h 



350 
5 


484 

7 


1,137 
17 


6,616 
100 


49 
NAp 


55 
2 


421 

11 


634 
17 


3,665 
100 


62 

NAp 


144 
5 


471 
17 


629 
23 


2,764 
100 


72 

NAp 


44 
1 


162 
5 


690 
21 


3,349 
100 


42 
NAp 


216 
3 


302 
4 


2,345 
29 


8,223 
100 


36 

NAp 


116 
2 


171 
3 


1,548 
24 


6,492 
100 


29 

NAp 






25 

1 


285 
13 


2,117 
100 


25 

NAp 










530 
64 


828 
100 


15 

NAp 


924 
3 


2,035 
6 


7,798 
23 


34,054 
100 


43 
NAp 



Table E-29.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by years of age 

Experience at 15 . 20 21 _ 23 2 4-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ Unspeci- 

present job, yr tied 

0< to Ct: 

Workers 237 477 664 790 1,314 1,023 1,256 777 78 

pet 4 7 10 12 20 15 19 12 1 

1< to <2: 

Workers 56 109 278 280 1,061 521 827 448 85 

pet 2 3 8 8 29 14 23 12 2 

2< to <3: 

Workers 12 44 182 348 466 637 589 448 35 

pet 2 7 13 17 23 21 16 1 

3< to <5: 

Workers 6 41 159 220 802 736 809 490 86 

pet 1 5 7 24 22 24 15 3 

5< to <10: 

Workers 14 98 743 1,269 1,903 2,636 1,543 18 

pet 1 9 15 23 32 19 

10< to <20: 

Workers 58 503 1,211 2,754 1,967 

pet 1 8 19 42 30 

2(K: 

Workers 511 1,600 6 

pet 24 76 

Unspecified: 

Workers 5 26 52 72 149 138 177 209 

pet 1 3 6 9 18 17 21 25 

Total: 

Workers 317 711 1,433 2,511 5,564 6,171 9,559 7,482 308 

pet 1 2 4 7 16 18 28 22 1 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Total 



Mean, 



6,616 


35 


100 


NAp 


3,665 


37 


100 


NAp 


2,764 


38 


100 


NAp 


3,349 


39 


100 


NAp 


8,223 


41 


100 


NAp 


6,492 


45 


100 


NAp 


2,117 


54 


100 


NAp 


828 


40 


100 


NAp 


34,054 


41 


100 


NAp 



30 



Table E-30.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by sex 

_ . . , Male Female Unspecified 

Experience at present job, yr — — ■ — - 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

(K to «1 6,184 19 370 31 61 45 

1< to <2 3,522 11 138 12 5 4 

2<tO<3 2,658 8 100 8 6 5 

3< to <5 3,254 10 95 8 

5<to«10 7,829 24 375 32 19 14 

10< to <20 6,440 20 20 2 32 23 

20< 2,074 6 30 3 13 9 

Unspecified 774 2 54 5 

Total 32,735 100 1,182 TOO 13(5 100 

Median yr. . 6 NAp 3 NAp 3 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


6,616 


19 


3,665 


11 


2,764 


8 


3,349 


10 


8,223 


24 


6,492 


19 


2,117 


6 


828 


2 


34,054 


100 


6 


NAp 



Table E-31 .—Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by race 



White Black Hispanic 

Experience at present job, yr Workers ^ -^^ ^ Workers 

0<to«1 5,517 19 158 20 540 

1<tO<2 2,957 10 68 9 462 

2< to <3 2,384 8 31 4 277 

3< to <5 2,742 10 48 6 469 

5<to<10 6,803 24 211 27 1,027 

10<to«20 5,697 20 182 23 583 

20< 1,898 7 95 12 98 

Unspecified 801 3 14 

Total 28,798 100 793 100 3,469 

Median yr. . 6 NAp 7 NAp 5 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



16 

13 

8 

14 

30 

17 

3 





170 
145 

47 

91 
176 

28 
2 

14 



25 

22 

7 

14 

26 

4 



2 



232 

34 

26 



6 

2 

25 





71 
10 
8 

2 

8 




100 
NAp 



671 
3 



100 
NAp 



324 
1 



100 
NAp 



6,616 
3,665 
2,764 
3,349 
8,223 
6,492 
2,117 
828 



34,054 
6 



19 

11 

8 

10 

24 

19 

6 

2 



100 
NAp 



Table E-32.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by education 

Some Some high High school Vocational Some College Unspecified Total 

Experience at elementary school diploma diploma college degree 

present job, yr 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pd 

0<to«1 163 10 678 19 3,101 20 758 23 895 17 793 26 228 18 6,616 19 

1< to <2 105 6 416 11 1,732 11 275 8 578 11 444 14 116 9 3,665 11 

2< to <3 56 3 212 6 1,278 8 144 4 661 12 367 12 46 4 2,764 8 

3<to<5 214 13 349 10 1,285 8 315 10 637 12 436 14 113 9 3,349 10 

5<tO«10 441 26 936 26 3,525 22 827 26 1,551 29 719 23 223 18 8,223 24 

1CK to <20 443 26 721 20 3,302 21 769 24 825 15 140 5 292 23 6,492 19 

20< 255 15 276 8 958 6 128 4 170 3 106 3 225 18 2.117 6 

Unspecified 5 63 2 552 4 27 1 108 2 74 2 828 2 

Total 1,682 100 3,650 100 15,733 100 3,243 100 5,425 100 3.079 100 1,242 100 34,054 100 

Median . . . yr . . 8 NAp 6 NAp 6 NAp 6 NAp 5 NAp 3 NAp 8 NAp 6 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



31 



Table E-33.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at 

Experience at ^g 9 . 15 16 17 . 40 
present company, yr 

(K to <1: 

Workers 199 594 495 705 1 ,087 

pet 5 14 11 16 25 

1< to <5: 

Workers 219 102 101 839 1 ,091 

pet 4 2 2 14 18 

5< to <10: 

Workers 443 314 192 1,262 2,137 

pet 6 4 2 16 28 

10< to <15: 

Workers 387 63 120 529 2,195 

pet 7 1 2 9 39 

15< to <20: 

Workers 330 51 60 632 2,364 

pet 7 1 1 12 47 

20< to <25: 

Workers 33 60 103 341 1 ,020 

pet 2 3 5 16 47 

25< to <30: 

Workers 46 393 702 

pet 3 27 47 

30<" 

Workers 10 25 298 819 

pet 1 2 19 53 

Unspecified: 

Workers 42 36 46 120 

pet 16 14 18 46 

Total: 

Workers 1,667 1,227 1,132 5,046 11,535 

pet 5 4 3 15 34 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



company, by hours of training received in last 2 years 



41-80 



81-160 



161 + 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 
h 



326 
8 


86 
2 


69 
2 


749 
17 


4,312 
100 


27 

NAp 


798 
13 


347 
6 


737 

12 


1,682 
28 


5,915 
100 


74 
NAp 


1,051 
14 


179 
2 


511 
7 


1,624 
21 


7,713 
100 


48 
NAp 


301 

5 


166 
3 


332 
6 


1,475 
26 


5,568 
100 


43 
NAp 


106 
2 


44 
1 


154 
3 


1,323 
26 


5,064 
100 


29 

NAp 


15 
1 


44 
2 


87 
4 


486 
22 


2,188 
100 


31 
NAp 


44 
3 


28 
2 


52 
4 


217 
15 


1 ,482 
100 


32 
NAp 


39 

3 


30 
2 


93 

6 


238 
15 


1,552 
100 


36 
NAp 


11 

4 










6 
2 


260 
100 


18 
NAp 


2,691 
8 


924 
3 


2,035 
6 


7,798 
23 


34,054 
100 


43 
NAp 



Table E-34.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 

Experience at 15 . 20 21 . 23 24 . 26 27 . 2g 30 _ 34 
present company, yr 

0< to «1: 

Workers 181 368 538 273 497 

pet 4 9 12 6 12 

1< to <5: 

Workers 119 318 553 707 1,239 

pet 2 5 9 12 21 

5< to <10: 

Workers 9 342 1 ,332 2,023 

pet 4 17 26 

10< to <15: 

Workers 199 1 ,634 

pet 4 29 

15< to <20: 

Workers 166 

pet 3 

20< to «25: 

Workers 

pet 

25< to <30: 

Workers 

pet 

30<: 

Workers 

pet 

Unspecified: 

Workers 17 16 5 

pet 6 6 2 

Total: 

Workers 317 71 1 1 ,433 2,51 1 5,564 

pet 1 2 4 7 16 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



experience at company, by years of age 



35-39 



40-49 



50 + 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 



518 
12 


1,034 
24 


831 
19 


71 
2 


4,312 
100 


37 
NAp 


983 

17 


1,114 
19 


676 

11 


207 
3 


5,915 
100 


36 

NAp 


1,543 
20 


1,727 
22 


713 
9 


24 



7,713 
100 


37 

NAp 


1,729 
31 


1,270 
23 


730 

13 


5 



5,568 
100 


39 

NAp 


1,239 
24 


2,653 
52 


1,006 
20 






5,064 
100 


44 
NAp 


123 
6 


1,299 
59 


766 
35 






2,188 
100 


48 
NAp 






381 
26 


1,102 
74 






1,482 
100 


54 
NAp 






34 
2 


1,518 
98 






1,552 
100 


57 
NAp 


35 
14 


46 
18 


142 
55 






260 
100 


47 
NAp 


6,171 
18 


9,559 
28 


7,482 
22 


308 
1 


34,054 
100 


41 
NAp 



32 



Table E-35.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 

Experience at Male Female 

present company, yr Workers pet Workers pet 

<K to «1 4,027 12 248 21 

1< to <5 5,552 17 338 29 

5< to <10 7,333 22 380 32 

10< to 415 5,402 17 161 14 

15< to <20 5,039 15 25 2 

20< to <25 2,158 7 30 3 

25<to<30 1,482 5 

30< 1,552 5 

Unspecified 190 1 

Total 32,735 100 1,182 100 

Median yr. . 10 NAp 6 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



experience at company, by sex 



Unspecified 



Workers 



pet 



Total 



Workers 



pet 



36 
25 

5 




70 



26 
18 

4 




51 



136 

1 



100 
NAp 



4,312 
5,915 
7,713 
5,568 
5,064 
2,188 
1,482 
1,552 
260 



34,054 
10 



13 

17 

23 

16 

15 

6 

4 

5 

1 



100 
NAp 



Table E-36.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by race 



Experience at White Black Hispanic 

present company, yr Workers pcT Workers pcT Workers 

0<tO«1 3,757 13 16 2 248 

1< to <5 4,954 17 177 22 491 

5<to<10 6,515 23 113 14 915 

10<to<15 4,762 17 134 17 578 

15<to<20 3,972 14 198 25 829 

20tO<25 1,846 6 80 10 213 

25to<30 1,409 5 14 2 26 

30 1,329 5 56 7 167 

Unspecified 254 16 10 

Total 28,798 100 793 100 3,469 

Median yr. . 10 NAp 13 NAp 12 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



7 

14 

26 

17 

24 

6 

1 

5 





120 

208 

128 

92 

65 

49 

9 







18 

31 

19 

14 

10 

7 

1 







171 

85 

42 

2 





25 







53 
26 
13 



8 





100 
NAp 



671 
6 



100 
NAp 



324 
1 



100 
NAp 



4,312 
5,915 
7,713 
5,568 
5.064 
2.188 
1.482 
1,552 
260 



34.054 
10 



13 

17 

23 

16 

15 

6 

4 

5 

1 



100 
NAp 



Table E-37.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by education 

e«„ D ri=.„.„ o. Some Some high High school Vocational Some College , i nc ~w.ifiort Tntai 

present company, e |e ™ntary school diploma diploma college degree UnspeClfied T ° ta ' 

V Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

0< to <1 134 8 266 7 2,238 14 538 17 675 12 342 11 118 10 4.312 13 

1<tO<5 53 3 477 13 2,583 16 533 16 1,197 22 840 27 233 19 5.915 17 

5<to«10 308 18 632 17 3,188 20 825 25 1,595 29 1.003 33 162 13 7,713 23 

10<to«15 172 10 693 19 2,583 16 557 17 882 16 448 15 232 19 5.568 16 

15<to«20 317 19 769 21 2,644 17 486 15 457 8 157 5 235 19 5,064 15 

20< to ^25 73 4 337 9 1,180 7 60 2 308 6 106 3 125 10 2.188 6 

25< to «30 245 15 190 5 613 4 118 4 112 2 79 3 125 10 1.482 4 

30< 374 22 277 8 611 4 123 4 127 2 40 1 1.552 5 

Unspecified 6 10 93 1 3 72 1 64 2 12 1 260 1 

Total 1,682 100 3,650 100 15.733 100 3,243 100 5,425 100 3,079 100 1.242 100 34.054 100 

Median. . .yr. . 18 NAp 13 NAp 10 NAp 9 NAp 8 NAp 7 NAp 13 NAp 10 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



33 



Table E-38.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, by education 

Some Some high High school Vocational Some College Unspecified Total 

elementary school diploma diploma college degree 

Age, yr — 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

15-20 6 2 193 61 20 6 78 24 15 5 6 2 317 100 

21-23 49 7 396 56 79 11 121 17 55 8 11 2 711 100 

24-26 14 1 115 8 742 52 126 9 259 18 166 12 11 1 1,433 100 

27-29 20 1 184 7 1,297 52 196 8 492 20 291 12 31 1 2,511 100 

30-34 72 1 281 5 2,656 48 549 10 1,094 20 773 14 138 2 5,564 100 

35-39 163 3 471 8 2,670 43 759 12 1,186 19 700 11 221 4 6,171 100 

40-49 458 5 1,369 14 4,513 47 926 10 1,266 13 674 7 352 4 9,559 100 

50+ 955 13 1,152 15 3,204 43 589 8 864 12 365 5 354 5 7,482 100 

Unspecified 23 7 62 20 64 21 40 13 118 38 308 100 

Total 1,682 5 3,650 il 15,733 46 3,243 10 5,425 16 3,079 9 1,242 4 34,054 100 

Mean age. . .yr. . 50 NAp 44 NAp 40 NAp 40 NAp 39 NAp 38 NAp 44 NAp 41 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-39.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, race, and education, by sex 



Male Female 

Workers pet Workers 

Age, yr: 

15-20 303 1 13 

21-23 673 2 32 

24-26 1,255 4 178 

27-29 2,313 7 168 

30-34 5,407 17 157 

35-39 6,008 18 144 

40-49 9,215 28 331 

50+ 7,285 22 152 

Unspecified 276 1 6 

Total 32,735 100 1,182 

Mean age yr. . 41 NAp 37 

White 27,715 85 997 

Black 793 2 

Hispanic 3,324 10 145 

Other 642 2 29 

Unspecified 262 1 1 1 

Total 32,735 100 1,182 ~ 

Education level: 

Some elementary 1 ,644 5 31 

Some high school 3,531 11 120 

High school diploma . . 15,212 46 467 

Vocational diploma ... 3,107 9 136 

Some college 5,213 16 206 

College degree 2,817 9 217 

Unspecified 1 ,21 1 4 5 

Total 32,735 100 1 ,182 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Unspecified 



Total 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



1 
3 
15 
14 
13 
12 
28 
13 






5 



30 



19 

13 

44 

26 




4 


22 


14 
9 

33 

19 



100 
NAp 



136 
43 



100 
NAp 



84 


12 
2 

1 



85 




51 



100 



136 



3 
10 
39 
12 
17 
18 





6 



55 



5 

44 

26 



100 



136 



63 




37 



100 



5 



40 



4 

32 

19 



100 



317 
711 
1,433 
2,511 
5,564 
6,171 
9,559 
7,482 
308 



34,054 
41 



28,798 

793 

3,469 

671 

324 



34,054 



1,682 
3,650 
15,733 
3,243 
5,425 
3,079 
1,242 



34,054 



1 

2 

4 

7 

16 

18 

28 

22 

1 



100 
NAp 



85 
2 

10 
2 
1 



100 



5 
11 
46 
10 
16 
9 
4 



100 



34 



Table E-40.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age and education, by race 



White Black Hispanic 

Workers pet Workers pet 

Age, yr: 

15-20 248 1 

21-23 562 2 14 2 

24-26 1,184 4 12 1 

27-29 2,142 7 21 3 

30-34 4,816 17 74 9 

35-39 5,255 18 173 22 

40-49 7,838 27 286 36 

50+ 6,519 23 204 26 

Unspecified 234 1 10 1 

Total 28,798 100 793 100 3,469 

Mean age yr . . 41 NAp 43 NAp 40 

Education level: 

Some elementary 1,424 5 10 1 187 

Some high school .... 3,034 11 51 6 437 

High school diploma . . 13,162 46 385 49 1,792 

Vocational diploma ... 2,815 10 32 4 313 

Some college 4,619 16 64 8 584 

College degree 2,851 10 112 

Unspecified 892 3 250 32 45 

Total 28,798 100 793 100 3,469 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


51 


1 


12 


2 


6 


2 


317 


1 


74 


2 


19 


3 


41 


13 


711 


2 


160 


5 


52 


8 


25 


8 


1,433 


4 


265 


8 


58 


9 


25 


8 


2,511 


7 


490 


14 


110 


16 


74 


23 


5,564 


16 


612 


18 


100 


15 


32 


10 


6,171 


18 


1,217 


35 


161 


24 


56 


17 


9,559 


28 


578 


17 


157 


23 


25 


8 


7,482 


22 


21 


1 


2 





40 


12 


308 


1 



100 
NAp 



671 
39 



100 
NAp 



324 
34 



100 
NAp 



100 



671 



100 



324 



100 



34,054 
41 



34,054 



100 
NAp 



5 


62 


9 








1,682 


5 


13 


108 


16 


21 


6 


3,650 


11 


52 


315 


47 


79 


24 


15,733 


46 


9 


44 


7 


39 


12 


3,243 


10 


17 


107 


16 


50 


15 


5,425 


16 


3 


31 


5 


84 


26 


3,079 


9 


1 


4 


1 


52 


16 


1,242 


4 



100 



Table E-41 .—Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, by 

employment size class 

Employment size class 1 Workers CV, pet 

1-19 1,771 iTo 

20-49 1 ,695 27.3 

50-99 2,101 15.5 

100-249 7,715 6.6 

250-499 5,590 1.0 

500+ 17,068 .5 

All groupings 35,940 1 .4 

1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the 
primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published 
injury statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-42.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, by job title 

Job title grouping 1 Workers CV, pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator .... 557 28.6 

Beltman-belt repairman 127 69.1 

Blaster 189 26.2 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 12 65.8 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 1,040 10.2 

Driller-rock bolter 1 ,029 12.2 

Electrician-lampman 1 ,663 7.8 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 629 13.2 

Grader-scraper operator 195 28.9 

Laborer-miner-utility man 4,284 7.0 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 1 ,558 6.8 

Maintenance 537 19.1 

Working 1 ,874 9.9 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist . . : 7,857 3.6 

Mine technical support 4,076 7.3 

Office worker 1 ,886 9.7 

Plant operator-warehouseman 5,275 2.4 

Shuttle car-tram operator 968 14.5 

Truck driver 2,184 8.4 

All groupings 35.940 1 .4 

^s defined by MSHA: see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title 
grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



35 



Table E-43.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, by principal 

equipment operated 

Equipment operated grouping 2 Workers CV, pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 650 22.9 

Belt 127 69.1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 961 11.0 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 823 19.0 

Drill (surface) 328 16.1 

Explosives 1 75 29.3 

Front-end loader-forklift 1 ,003 8.7 

Grader-scraper 195 28.9 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 7,888 2.3 

Hoist-elevator 221 16.2 

Many equipment 567 33.5 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 2,371 1 1 .0 

Plant equipment 4,036 5.9 

Pump 1 95 38.4 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 1,772 13.1 

Shuttle car-locomotive 1 ,050 9.8 

Truck (haulage) 2,299 7.5 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 1,080 12.6 

Welding machine-lathe 1,632 10.3 

None 6,212 4.9 

Not elsewhere classified 294 34.0 

Unspecified 174 36.8 

All groupings 34,054 1 .6 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-44.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, 

by work location 



Work location Workers 

Underground mine 4,980 

Surface at underground mine 1,756 

Surface mine 10,992 

Plant or mill 15,126 

Office 3,087 

All groupings 35,940 



CV, pet 



8.9 
6.5 
2.8 
3.8 
6.3 



1.4 



NOTE —Owing to independent rbunding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-45.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, by 

experience at job, company, and mining 

Experience, yr Workers CV, pet 

At present job: 

0< tO«1 6,616 7.2 

1< to <2 3,665 7.2 

2< to <3 2,764 3.4 

3< to <5 3,349 4.9 

5< to <10 8,223 5.2 

10< to «20 6,492 3.2 

20< 2,117 10.0 

Unspecified 828 15.7 

All groupings 34,054 1 .6 

At present company: 

0<to<1 4,312 7.4 

1< to «5 5,915 5.7 

5< to <10 7,713 4.2 

10< to <15 5,568 4.1 

15< to <20 5,064 7.3 

20< to <25 2,188 5.7 

25< to <30 1,482 6.8 

30< 1 ,552 6.0 

Unspecified 260 40.5 

All groupings 34,054 1 .6 

Total mining: 

0<to «1 1,524 11.3 

1< to <5 3,830 5.0 

5< to <10 7,141 3.3 

10< to <15 6,413 3.4 

15<t0«20 5,751 6.0 

20< to <25 2,740 7.4 

25< to <30 1,740 9.7 

30< 1,883 6.7 

Unspecified 3,032 4.6 

All groupings 34,054 1 .6 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-46.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, 

by training received 

Job training for last 2 yr, h Workers CV, pet 

1,667 7lj 

1-8 1,227 16.3 

9-15 1,132 7.1 

16 5,046 6.3 

17-40 11,535 4.2 

41-80 2,691 9.9 

81-160 924 12.4 

161+ 2,035 5.8 

Unspecified 7,798 3.0 

All groupings 34,054 1 .6 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



36 



Table E-47.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
number of workers and coefficient of variation, by age 

Age, yr Workers CV, pet 

15-20 317 15! 

21-23 711 10.3 

24-26 1 ,433 6.8 

27-29 2,511 7.5 

30-34 5,564 4.9 

35-39 6,171 2.9 

40-49 9,559 2.1 

50+ 7,482 3.4 

Unspecified 308 7.6 

All groupings 34,054 1J> 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-48.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, 

by sex, race, and education 

Workers CV, pet 

Ssx" 

Male 32,735 1.7 

Female 1,182 10.6 

Unspecified 136 51 .9 

All groupings 34,054 1 .6 

White 28,798 2.3 

Black 793 20.3 

Hispanic 3,469 7.1 

Other 671 8.6 

Unspecified 324 31 .8 

All groupings 34,054 1.6 

Education level: 

Some elementary 1,682 14.8 

Some high school 3,650 7.2 

High school diploma 15,733 1.7 

Vocational diploma 3,243 7.3 

Some college 5,425 1.6 

College degree 3,079 8.1 

Unspecified 1,242 12.8 

All groupings 34.054 1 .6 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



37 



APPENDIX F.— MINING INDUSTRY POPULATION SURVEY LETTERS 

AND QUESTIONNAIRE 




United States Department of the Interior 



BUREAU OF MINES 

2401 E STREET, NW. 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 



Dear Mine Manager: 

The Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, is requesting your help 
in conducting a survey of the mining industry. The survey is designed to char- 
acterize the nation's mine-worker population by occupation, job experience, 
training, age, and other factors. These data are necessary to accurately ana- 
lyze the nation's mine accidents. At this time, the information sought by 
this survey cannot be obtained from any other source. 

Your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size in your 
industry. Although your response to this survey is voluntary, the validity of 
the results depends upon a very high response rate. We urge you, therefore, 
to respond as completely and accurately as possible based upon information 
from your personnel files, management records, or direct response from indi- 
vidual workers at your mine. 

Under no circumstances will the information you provide be identified by 
individual mine, company, or worker. The data will be used for statistical 
purposes only and the results of the survey when analyzed with accident statis- 
tics will be made available to the public in the form of official publications. 

Instructions for completing the survey questionnaire are on the enclosed survey 
form. Questions regarding the survey should be directed to: 



Ms. Shail Butani 

Bureau of Mines 

5629 Minnehaha Avenue South 

Minneapolis, MN 55417 

Telephone: (612) 725-4500 

Thank you for your time and effort. 



(Note: Collect calls regarding 
this survey will be accepted during 
regular business hours, 8:00 a.m. to 
4:00 p.m., Central Time.) 



Sincerely, 




<tm/ 



Enclosure 




United States Department of the Interior 



BUREAU OF MINES 

2401 E STREET, NW. 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 



Dear Employer: 

Recently, we wrote to you requesting your help in obtaining data for a survey 
for the raining industry. This information will be used to produce the 
characteristics of the nation's mine-worker population in order to analyze the 
nation's mine accident data more accurately. We have not yet received your 
response and have enclosed an additional survey questionnaire in case the 
original was misplaced or did not reach you. 

Because your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size 
in your industry, we are making every effort to obtain your response to ensure 
a true representation of those firms. Your response is strictly confidential 
and will be used for statistical purposes only. 

If you have any questions, please refer to the instructions on the first page 
of the questionnaire or call collect, Ms. Shail Butani at 612-725-4500. If 
you prefer, you may report your information directly by telephone. A response 
during the next 2 weeks would be great assistance to the survey. 

Thank you for your help and support in the Bureau's effort to characterize the 
mine -worker population. 

Sincerely, 




Enclosure 





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